1. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Africa - Asia Regulatory Conference 2012 Colombo, Sri Lanka Why IPv6? Ajith Pasqual University of Moratuwa 15 th February 2012

2. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Need for an Address Why do we need an address? For any communication to happen, there has to be at least two parties. They need to be identified uniquely and in the context of Internet Communication, IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) address serves that purpose.

3. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Connected Devices Historically, Internet was all about communication that happened between two desktop computers or a desktop computer and a Server or server to server. –Numbers involved were not so high. Now, Look at today’s context –Millions of Laptops, net books and tablets –Millions of Smart Phones (Billions ?) Exponential increase of Content Providers (Servers) All the above are on Internet as well! Now users are also becoming content providers! (Facebook)

4. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Some Facts World Population – 7 billion Worldwide Mobile Connections – 5.6 billion by end of 2011 [Source: Gartner - http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1759714] –Mobile Data Service Revenue is increasing. Prediction – 7.4 billion mobile connections by 2015.

5. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Some Facts (2) China has 951.6 million mobile phone users by October 2011 [Source: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/21/china-mobile- idUSL4E7LS00V20111121 ] India has 893.8 million mobile users by end of 2011 [source : TRAI]

6. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA IPv4 and Address Allocation IPv4 – 4 billion Addresses Allocation done through 5 Regional Internet Registries (RIR) through delegation from Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Final Allocation of IPv4 began in February 2011 –16 million IPv4 Addresses were allocated to each RIR. On 15 th April 2011, Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC), one of RIRs announced that they had reached the last block of allocation (i.e. last 16 million addresses).

7. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Image Source: Wikipedia - RIR Regional Internet Registries (RIR)

8. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Address Allocation Policies for providing IPv4 addresses are becoming strict. E.g. APNIC now allocates only /22 block to any organization requesting for IPv4 addresses (1024 contiguous addresses)

9. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA IPv4 Address Exhaustion One of the primary reasons for IPv4 exhaustion is the growth in mobile Internet. 4 major mobile data traffic drivers [ Source: Gartner ] –growth in the number of mobile connections, –increasing availability of higher-speed data-centric mobile networks, –smartphones, and –data-consuming content and applications

10. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA [1 Jan 2011 to 1 Jan 2012] Growth of IPv4 address pool handed out from the RIRs to entities in specific countries. Countries are coloured by growth, going from bright green (0% or less) to bright red (20% or more). Source: abs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/ipv4-address-space-growth-per-country IPv4 Address Growth in a Year

11. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA IPv4 Exhaustion Timeline Source: APNIC

12. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA 2005200620072008200920102011 Allocated IPv4 Addresses (Millions)174.4168.1203.9203.3189.4248.8201 Relative Annual Growth8.00%7.70%8.80%8.00%6.90%8.40%6.30% IPv4 Allocations2005200620072008200920102011 APNIC31% 34%44%46%48%53% RIPE NCC35%33%31%22%23%22% ARIN27%28%26%28%22%18%11% LACNIC6%7% 6% 10% AFRINIC1%2%3%1%3% 5% IPv4 Allocated Addresses by Year IPv4 Allocated addresses - Distribution by RIR Worldwide IPv4 Allocation Source: http://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2012-01/2011.html

13. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA IPv4 Addresses (/32s, Millions) Rank2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1USA48.47 USA53.79 China50.67 China45.2 China53.07 2China37.29 China46.49 USA38.55 USA42.32 USA21.21 3France13.38 Japan10.06 Japan11.04 Rep.Korea25.73 Japan16.91 4Germany11.22 Rep.Korea7.96 Rep.Korea10.95 Japan10.02 Rep.Korea7.68 5Rep.Korea7.73 Germany7.29 Russia5.46 Australia9.63 Indonesia7.09 6Japan7.14 Brazil6.29 Brazil4.19 India9.43 Brazil6.29 7UK6.41 Russia6.12 UK4.19 UK8.13 India6.01 8India5.61 Italy5.85 Italy4.16 Germany6.97 France5.39 9Mexico5.24 India4.23 France3.85 Russia6.46 Russia5.02 10Italy5.09 Taiwan4.18 Germany3.6 Brazil6.29 Germany4.92 IPv4 Allocated addresses - Top 10 Economies 2007 - 2011 Source: http://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2012-01/2011.html IPv4 Address Consumption by Countries

14. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA IPv6 Countless number of addresses!! 340 trillion, trillion, trillion addresses This is the primary reason for IPv6 migration Every person on this planet can have multiple addresses! Every device in your home become addresseable in years to come. Caveat: Have a proper IPv6 Management Policy in place !! Otherwise you might run out of IPv6 due to mis-management of address space.

15. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Other reasons for IPv6 Increasing need for end to end visibility. –Without getting hidden behind one public address. Mobile Broadband Need for IP Mobility Convergence of Services over IP Many services are now offered over IP –Voice –CCTV (IP based Cameras for Surveillance) Intelligent Transportation Systems –Every vehicle becomes addressable –Every Roadside Sensors/Monitoring Devices becomes addressable Security

16. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA When to start? When RIRs run out of IPv4 space, IPv6 will be the only available address space for allocation. Do we need to wait till that happens? Mobile Broadband Users become an ideal testing ground for IPv6 launch for providers.

17. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Conclusion IPv6 is here to stay and it will be around more quickly than we expect. IPv6 offers countless business opportunities which have never been realizable in the past. Need for strong government initiative is a must. –E.g. Japan Start Migration and enjoy the benefits.

18. UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA Thank You.