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1 M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides M.1.2.5. The Big Picture M.2. Biosynthesis -------------------------------------------------------------------
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2 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Atom Atomic weight of 1 = 1 x 10 -23 g Atomic wt ~ 0
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3 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Moles and Molar Solution Q: How heavy is 1 more of carbon?
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4 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Relative Abundance of Elements
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell5 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Electronic Shell valency stable
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell6 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Covalent and Ionic Bonds ‘strong’weak
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell7 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Sodium Chloride
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell8 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Geometry of Covalent Bonds
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell9 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Different Single vs Double Bond
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell10 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell11 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Van der Waals Force
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell12 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: 3 representations
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell13 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Acids and Bases
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell14 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Effect of Dipoles
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell15 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell16 M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Complementary Surface
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell17 M1.2.4. Nucleotides:: Building Blocks
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell18 M1.2.1. Sugars: Sugar Glucose: C 6 H 12 O 6 Different Isoforms exist Sugar – monosaccharides, (CH 2 O) n where n = 3,4,5, 6 or 8 usually
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell19 M1.2.1. Sugars: Condensation and Hydrolysis
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell20 M1.2.1. Sugars: Dissacharides oligosaccharides Polygosaccharides (thousands of monsaccharides) Usually used to store enegry: Glycogen in animal and Starch in Plants Glycoprotein, glycolipids
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Carbohydrates CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell21
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Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell22
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Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell23
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell24
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Chitin CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell25
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell26 M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid Unsaturated fat: Double bond happens somewhere along the chain. Saturated fat: No double double bond, tend to pack together into a solid mass. Common in animal fat. Fat – use as energy storage Lipids – Fatty acids and their derivatives. Insoluble in water but soluble in Fat or organic solvent
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell27 M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Cell Wall
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Lipid intro CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell28
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Triglyceride structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell29
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Triglyceride formation CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell30
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell31
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Sat vs. Unsat lipids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell32
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell33 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Ionized Form and Non-ionized Form
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Amino acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell34
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell35
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Peptide bond formation CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell36
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Protein structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell37
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell38 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Amino Acid Chain ‘20’ different amino acids
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell39 M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Charge at the Amino Acid Side Chain
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell40 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell41 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: ATP, the Energy Carrier
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell42 M1.2.4. Nucleotides: DNA chain
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell43 M1.2.5. The Big Picture: Macromolecules
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell44 M1.2.5. The Big Picture : Relative Abundance
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell45 M1.2.5. The Big Picture : RNA and Protein Folding Non-covalent bonds
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CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell46 M1.2.5. The Big Picture : From Small Building Blocks to Large Assemblies
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