1. Measurements Conversions Units 1

2.  Ordinary numbers not a problem  Science has very, very big numbers and very, very tiny numbers  Scientific notation allows the use of ordinary numbers with a scientific notation that expands our range of describing numbers, both large and small numbers. 2 93x10 6 miles 93,000,000 Miles Away

3.  10 raised to an exponent gives us the option of very big and very tiny numbers.  For big numbers, the exponent is (+ )and for tiny numbers it is (-).  This tells us how many decimal places are taken up by the exponent  Another method is to use text to describe a number. 3 347,000 347x10 3 347 kilo (spoken) 347 k (written)

4.  10 1 = 10 = ten: add 1 place  10 2 = 100 = one-hundred: add 2  10 3 = 1000 = one-thousand: add 3  10 4 = 10,000 = ten-thousand: add 4  A number of 5.36(000) x 10 5 is 536,000  Five (5) decimal places moved to the right is the same number as the exponent 4

5.  Try this:  What is the number:  8.57 x 10 4 = ?  What in exponent form is:  9,000,000,000 =? 5

6.  What is the number: 8.57 x 10 4 = ? Answer: 85,700 : move decimal 4 places to the right  What in exponent form is:  9,000,000,000 =? Answer: The 9 decimals are replaced by the exponent: 9x10 9 6

7.  Kilo = 1 thousand, multiply by 1000 which is 10 3.  Mega = 1 million, multiply by 1,000,000 or 10 6. 7

8.  The number 54,700 calories is how many kilocalories?  Answer: 54.7 kilo calories: 3 places ▪ Also, 54.7x10 3 cal  The number 5,470,000 joules is how many megajoules?  Answer: 5.47 megajoules : 6 places ▪ Also, 5.47x 10 6 cal 8

9. NumberExponent formatText format 5688 cal5.688x10 3 cal5.688 kilocal 5.688 kcal5.688x10 3 cal5688 cal 934,000 J.934x10 6 J.934 MegaJoule 28,800,000 J28.8x10 6 J28.8 Megajoule 100010 3 kilo 100000010 6 mega 9

10.  Small numbers needed to describe atomic level parameters, and phenomena, ex. waves, light  Atomic diameters approximately 10 -10 m, nucleus is about 10 -15 m  Meter stick smallest dimension is a millimeter,.001m, or 10 -3 m  Wavelength of red light is about 650 nm, nano meters, 650x10 -9 m 10.00000000015

11.  Minus exponent: 10 -6  Exponent is -6, which means move the decimal 6 places to the left when converting to the actual number, or to the right when converting to a negative exponent.  Example:.00347 m is 3.47x10 -3 m or 3.47 millimeters (text based) .00000347 m is 3.47x10 -6 m or 3.47 micrometers 11

12. NumberExponent formatText format.005688 m5.688x10- 3 m5.688 millimeters (mm).00000000006676.67x10- 11 667 nm.00110- 3 milli.0110- 2 centi.00000110- 6 micro.00000000110- 9 nano 12

13. 13 Gathering coefficient and breaking out these exponents part of the problem, this becomes:

14. 14

15. 15  34000 is 2 significant figures  3.4000 is 2 significant figures .3400 is 2 significant figures .00340 is 2 significant figure  34100 is 3 significant figures  34107 is 5 significant figures .0000000341 is 3 significant figures

16. 16 Let’s say you have measured the diameter of a right circular cylinder and it is 2.45 cm. You want to know the area.  π= 3.14  A= π r 2 = 3.14x.01225 2 =.000471196 m 2  Why not report this number instead of a 3 significant figure answer of.000471 ?

17. 17  A rod measures 5.54 cm. Convert this to m.  Answer:.0554 m  Some powder has a mass of 34.8 mg convert this to grams and also kg.  Answer.0348 grams  Answer.0000348 kg

18. 18  You may convert units from to MKS and vice versa.  Many measurements are made in English units, and must be converted to MKS to use the formulas properly.

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20. 20  A car is moving at 35 miles per hour, and speeds up to 52 miles per hour. What is the increase in m/s ?  35miles/hr x.447 m/s/ mile/hour = 15.65 m/s and 52 miles/hr x.447 m/s mile/hour = 23.24 m/s. Thus, the increase is: 23.24 -15.65 = 7.594 m/s

21. 21 1 gram =.001 kg 1 m = 3.28 feet 1 mile = 1609 m 1 cm =.01 m 1 mm =.001 m 1 m/s = 2.24 miles/hr 1 miles/hour =.447 m/s 1 N =.225 lbs 1 lb = 4.45 N 1 hour = 3600 s 1 minute = 60 s 1 day = 24 hours 1000 g= 1 Kilogram 1 Mile= 5280 feet