1. MITOSIS REVIEW
Chapter 10 Test

2. ESSAY #1 How is cancer related to the cell cycle?
Do not have a normally functioning cell cycle

3. How are cancer cells different from most cells?
Divide excessively and can invade other tissue

9. ESSAY #2
STEM CELLS
Cells that can turn into almost any kind of cell (not yet differentiated).
Formed a few days after an egg and sperm join.

10. Stem Cell Animations
"How Embryonic Stem Cell Lines are Made" Biology Animation Library :: Dolan DNA Learning Center
Stem Cell Animation

11. Essay #2 (cont.) SOURCES Umbilical cord blood Fetal tissue
Adult bone marrow
Embryonic stem cells

12. Essay #2 (cont.) PROS
treat disorders like spinal damage, Parkinson’s disease, leukemia
Make heart and nerve tissue in the lab

13. Essay #2 CONS Use embryos (kill them) Don’t have a lot of success yet
Who funds it (private v. government)

14. 1. Sexual and Asexual ASEXUAL One parent Two Identical offspring
Two parents
4 different offspring

15. 2. Chromatin, chromosomes, chromatids (all DNA + protein)
Interphase – loose chromatin
Prophase –tightly coiled sister chromatids form through metaphase
Anaphase + Telophase –sister chromatids separate to single chromosomes

16. 3. Nucleosomes and Histones
8 histone proteins are wrapped with chromosomes to tightly coil into chromatids
Histones + chromosomes = nucleosome

17. 4. Asexual Reproduction Prokaryotes (no nucleus) Binary fission
Eukaryotes
(nucleus)
mitosis

18. 5. Phases of Mitosis
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

19. 6. Nuclear Envelope Changes
Prophase = nuclear envelope dissolves
Telophase = nuclear envelope reforms

20. 7. Diff Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm Mitosis
= Division of nucleus

21. 8. Cytokinesis
Animal Cells
Cleavage furrow
Plant Cells
Cell Plate

22. 9. G1, S, G2 Interphase includes G1, S, and G2
G1 = organelle growth, and growth of cell
S = DNA synthesis (replication)
G2 = centriole and spindle growth, and growth of cell

23. 10. Locate on a dividing cell:
Chromatids
Centrioles
Centromeres
Spindle fibers
Asters

24. 10. Locate on a dividing cell:
Chromatids
Centromeres
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Asters

25. centrioles
chromatids
Asters
Spindle fibers
centromeres

26. 11. What makes chromatids move to poles?
Contraction of spindle fibers

27. 12. What are cyclins (and Cdk’s)?
Protein regulators of the cell cycle

28. 13. Cells Dividing A lot Not after formed Blood Skin Nerve
Digestive tract
Not after formed
Nerve
muscle

29. 13. B Cancer Cells Cancer cells due to an abnormal cell cycle
Cells grow abnormally and do not stop, even if there are too many
Breast cancer cells

30. What phase? Chromatin thickens? Prophase Nuclear envelope disappears
Nuclear envelope reappears
telophase

31. What phase? Centrioles move to opposite poles Prophase
Spindle fibers form
Cell plate forms
Cytokinesis

32. Which phase? Chromosomes line up at the equator metaphase
Cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis
Nucleoli break down
Prophase
Nucleoli reform
Telophase

33. 15. As the cell increases in size
The surface area to volume ratio
decreases

34. 16. Why do cells divide?
cell membrane could not keep up with bringing in enough oxygen/nutrients
DNA can’t keep up

35. 17. How many chromosomes
Are in each human body cell? 46

36. 18. How many times is the reduction
In length of the chromatid than it is in the chromosome form?
10,000 times

37. 19. A cell spends what % of time in interphase?
90%

38. What is the purpose of p53? It is the tumor suppressor gene.
It checks that the DNA is OK. If not, it repairs it or kills the cell.
IF it is faulty, it leads to a lot of cancer.

39. How does a cell respond to growth
When it comes in contact with other cells?
Stops growing