1. Oklahoma Department of Corrections DUI Offender Profile
Analyzing differences between DUI-specific and general population prison receptions, incarcerates and prison releases.

2. Overview Purpose: DUI offenders discussed are those imprisoned for:
To profile and discuss statistical differences between DUI-specific and overall population offenders who have been or are currently imprisoned by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
DUI offenders discussed are those imprisoned for:
DUI – Liquor or Drugs /APCV
DUI – Liquor or Drugs/APCV (after former conviction of a felony)
Personal Injury Accident while DUI
Manslaughter, First Degree while DUI
Three sections include:
Prison Receptions (5 years)
Current Incarcerates
Prison Releases (5 years)

3. Prison Receptions
Comparisons between DUI-specific and all prison receptions for a five-year period

4. Receptions - Offense Type
DUI Receptions
All Receptions

5. Receptions – General Info
Gender
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Male
91%
85%
Female 9%
15%
Age
Average Age
41.8 years
34.5 years
Race/Ethnicity
Asian
0.1%
0.3%
African American
12%
27%
Caucasian
62%
54%
Hispanic 9% 8%
Native American
17%
10%
Other
0.2%
DUI offenders tend to be more male, older in age, with a higher representation among Caucasians and Native Americans and a lower representation among African Americans than all prison receptions.

6. Receptions – Assessed Security Level
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
DUI receptions are more likely to be assessed to be in need of a minimum security level while incarcerated than the general prison receptions population.

7. Receptions – Sentence Length
DUI Receptions
Avg. Sentence Length (yrs.)
Minimum Sentence
Maximum Sentence
Male
4.0
15 Days
25 Years
Female
3.7
30 Days
20 Years
Total
3.9
All Receptions
Avg. Sentence Length (yrs.)
Minimum Sentence
Maximum Sentence
Male
6.8
15 Days
999 Years
Female
5.4
25 Days
65 Years
Total
6.6
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentences were removed.
Though the average sentence length for DUI offenses is not the same for each year’s reception population, it has remained fairly constant – ranging from 3.7 to 4.3 years – and averages 3.9 years for the five-year time frame. The same trend applies to all receptions.

8. Receptions – Sentence Length by Race
Average Sentence Length
Native American DUI receptions received the longest average sentence length, 4.3 years.
Regarding all receptions, African Americans received the longest average sentence, 7.0 years.
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentence were removed.

9. Receptions – Avg. Sent. Length by County
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Average Sentence Length
Average Sentence Length
Oklahoma County is among the top five counties sending offenders to prison. More interesting is that it also has the highest average sentence for controlling crimes, ranging between one and two years longer.
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death sentences were removed.

10. Receptions – Prior Offense Types
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Offender Type
Number
Percent
Alcohol-related
1,297
54%
3,510 9%
Drug-related
450
19%
11,569
28%
Violent
517
21%
7,664
Non-violent
1,684
70%
21,823
53%
DUI offenders tend to have a greater representation in regards to prior alcohol-related offenses for which the offender was ordered to imprisonment by the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.

11. Receptions – LSI-R Elements
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Crim. History – Three or more prior convictions
78%
55%
Crim. History – Arrested under age of 16
18%
31%
Crim. History – Official record of assault/violence
46%
57%
Financial – Reliance upon social assistance
30%
33%
Alcohol/Drug – Alcohol problem in lifetime
98%
60%
Alcohol/Drug – Drug problem in lifetime
88%
82%
Alcohol/Drug – Marital/Family problems
84%
66%
Alcohol/Drug – School/Work problems
70%
56%
Alcohol/Drug – Medical Problems
10% 7%
The LSI-R is comprised of 10 Subscales (e.g., Criminal History, Financial) which contain varying numbers elements or questions. The assessment helps to determine the risk of reoffending.

12. Receptions – LSI-R Risk Level
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Based on responses to LSI-R elements, a risk level is determined (i.e., High, Moderate, Low). DUI offenders are slightly more represented in the Moderate category, whereas all receptions are more evenly split between Moderate and High.

13. Receptions – Programmatic Needs
Percent in Need
DUI receptions are more likely to be assessed with a Moderate to High need for substance abuse treatment than the general population, 82% vs. 67%.

14. Receptions – TABE Scores
Average Grade Level
TABE stands for Test of Adult Basic Education and it assesses the individual’s skill level in various subjects. Average TABE scores are generally the same for both populations, DUI and all receptions, resulting in an average total battery grade level of 6.7.

15. Receptions – Mental Health Level
DUI Receptions
All Receptions
Approximately 41% of DUI offenders and 48% of all offenders have been assessed with a MHL of A – D. Of those with a MHL A-D, the majority are assessed B.

16. Incarcerated Offenders
Comparisons between the DUI and general prison population

17. DUI Incarcerates – Offense Type
Number of Offenders
Approximately 25,600 offenders are currently incarcerated; 23,000 males and 2,600 females. Offenders serving time on a controlling DUI conviction account for 2.5% of the population; males – 2.5% and females – 2.0%.

18. Incarcerates – General Info
Category
DUI Incarcerates
All Incarcerates
Male
92%
90%
Female 8%
10%
Average Age
43.6 years
38.4 years
Average Sentence Length
5.4 years
15.4 years
Top County of Conviction
Tulsa
Oklahoma
Note: Life, Life without Parole, and Death removed when determining average sentence.
DUI Offenders are slightly more male and higher in age than the general incarcerated population. They are also, on average, serving considerably shorter sentences for their controlling offense when compared to all incarcerates.

19. Incarcerates – Race/Ethnicity
DUI Incarcerates
All Incarcerates
Caucasians make up the majority of both DUI and general incarcerates, however there is a greater representation of Native-American offenders and fewer African-American offenders when compared to the entire population.

20. Incarcerates – Facility Type
Percent of Incarcerates
Many more of the DUI offenders when compared to the general population are housed at Community-level facilities, which are no higher than Minimum security.

21. Incarcerates – Active Offenses
Offense Type
DUI
All Incarcerates
Drug-related 3%
37%
Violent 7%
52%
Non-violent
93%
48%
Split Sentence
24%
25%
The overall incarcerated population tends to have a greater representation of violent offenders than the DUI-specific population due to higher crime categories and longer sentences, which keep them imprisoned for longer periods of time.

22. Incarcerates – Earned Credit Level
DUI Incarcerates
All Incarcerates
Offenders earn good time credits based on their behavior and the accumulation of these credits reduce the time the offender is imprisoned. DUI offenders and all incarcerates both have a similar representation in the highest credit level category (Level 4), 43% and 49%, respectively.

23. Incarcerates – Proj. Days Remaining
DUI Incarcerates
All Incarcerates
1-90 Days
15% 5%
Days
13% 6%
Days
Days
Days
14%
10%
Days 9% 8%
731+ Days
23%
61%
As the average sentence length of the DUI population is much shorter than all incarcerates, the projected time until release is shorter as well. The majority are projected to release in less than two years.

24. Prison Releases
Comparisons between DUI-specific and general prison releases for a five-year period.

25. Releases – Offense Type
DUI Releases
All Releases

26. Releases – General Info
Category
DUI Releases
All Releases
Male
91%
85%
Female 9%
15%
Average Age
43.0 years
36.8 years
Average Sentence Length
3.8 years
6.4 years
DUI prison releases are slightly more male and higher in age than all prison releases. They are also, on average, serving considerably shorter sentences for their controlling offense when compared to all releases.

27. Releases – Sentence & Time Served
Males
Females
Average Length
Average Length
Based on average controlling offense sentence length and average time served, offenders are serving approximately 47% of their sentence. This is true for males and females, DUI-specific and general releases.

28. Releases – LSI-R Risk Level
DUI Releases
All Releases
DUI releases tend to represent the Moderate Risk category more so than all prison releases.

29. Releases – Met Program Needs
DUI Releases
All Releases
Percent Needs
Percent Needs
Regarding both populations, approximately 25% or fewer specific needs are being met prior to the offender discharging from prison. However, more DUI offenders completed Substance Abuse treatment than all releases.

30. Releases – Post-prison Supervision
Percent of Releases
Fewer DUI offenders released from prison to ODOC probation or parole supervision when compared to all prison releases.

31. Releases – Returns to Prison
Recidivism Rate
DUI
All Releases
Number
Percent
Male
530
19.1%
8,710
25.5%
Female 25
11.1%
1,039
17.0%
New DUI Sentence
DUI
All Releases
Number
Percent
Male
414
78.1%
868
9.9%
Female 19
76.0% 60
5.8%
Recidivism is defined as returning to an ODOC reception center within three years of releasing from prison. Statistics are based on Fiscal Year 2004 through Fiscal Year 2008 prison releases. DUI offenders recidivate less frequently than the overall prison release population.

32. Conclusions
Several concluding remarks can be made regarding offender profile differences:
DUI prison receptions and prison releases have remained relatively constant over the past five years.
DUI imprisonments when compared to all ODOC imprisoned offenders are generally more moderate-risk and are in need of lower security levels.
DUI imprisonments have a higher need for substance abuse treatment than the overall imprisoned population, but this need is only being met, at best, for 25% of the offenders.
The recidivism rate for DUI offenders is generally lower than the recidivism rate for all prison releases.

33. Contact Information
Laura J. Pitman, Ph.D.
Deputy Director, Female Offender Operations
Clint Castleberry
Administrator, Programs Unit
Renée M. Philipp
Statistical Analyst, Evaluation and Analysis Unit