2. Seachanges

3. » Contrast between Pacific and the Atlantic oceans » Shakespeare – The Tempest » Mexicans obsession with death

4. » Violin » Cello » Piano » Flute/Piccolo » Percussion – Gong, cymbals, tambourine, bass drum » Percussion – Crotales, maracas, guiro, marimba, rainstick.

5. » Prominence to percussion instruments » Players asked to play maracas » All 5 players play maracas at end » String players make percussive style sound » Left hand pizzicato » Snap pizzicato where string slaps quickly back against fingerboard » Col legno – strings played with wood of bow » Sul ponticello – above bridge and sul tasto – bowing on fingerboard » Cello strummed like a guitar » Clusters played on piano » Strings play harmonics » Harmonics played on cymbal » Cymbal arco – played with bow » Double stopping – play two or more notes at same time.

6. » Atonal » Some sections have a tonal centred on open notes of strings C, G, D, A » Section 5 Eb unusual tonality » Loosely rondo form » 3 different musical ideas ˃3 note cell – G,A,C ˃Rhythms associated with Dance Macabre ˃Quotation from Dies Irae

7. SectionBarCompositional MaterialTonal Centre Introduction13 note cellG A117Inversion of main melodyG 27Main melody and inversionG B46Danse Macabre (Totentanz)Atonal A274Main MelodyD C92Dies IraeAtonal A3128Main MelodyEb Coda141Danse Macabre and Dies IraeC-A

8. IntroductionFeatureTonality Bars 1-16High PitchG Harmonics Rests Extreme Dynamics Tremolo Cello LH Pizzicato Sparse texture

9. A1FeaturesTonal Centre Divided into 2 partsInversionG Based on 3 note cellHarmonics on strings 8ba (octave lower) Tremolo Violin Arco Cymbal Col legno battuto (back of bow) Subtraction Principal

10. A1FeaturesTonal Centre Divided into 2 partsSubtraction PrincipalG Based on 3 note cell15ma (up double octave) LH pizzicato Violin main melody with cello inversion

11. Totentanz (46-73)FeaturesTonalty Tempo ChangesAtonal Strumming violin like guitar Sustaining Pedal Sul tasto – play on fingerboard Subtraction Principal

12. A2FeaturesTonalty Bars 74-913/2 time for string players And 6/4 for remaining instruments Tonal Centre D Subtraction Principal Tremolo on strings Rainstick Tremolo Flute

13. Dies IraeFeaturesTonalty Bars 92-127Canon at a bar distance between marimba and violin Atonal 20 bars of canon with percussion instruments Inversion and retrograde Pizzicato LH

14. Dies IraeFeaturesTonalty Bars 128-140Addition Principle on pianoEb Tonal Centre Subtraction Principle on flute 3 note cell on marimba Totentanz rhythm from b134

15. CodaFeaturesTonalty Bars 141-174Introduces familiar materialC-A C chord formed by strings Piano chords derived from 3 notes cell Strumming violin Glissando Strings Tremolo on piano

16. » Inversion – turn upside down » Subtraction principle – begin with 6 notes, then repeat leaving one out to 5 then 4, 3, 2,1 » Addition – adding notes » Augmentation – to make note values longer » Diminution – shorten the values of notes » Canon – a melody imitated by one or more parts » Retrograde – melody played backwards

17. » Unusual time signatures – 7/4, 5/4, 8/8, 10/8 » Changing time signatures » Rhythms associated with Danse Macabre » Tempo Changes – between 80 and 120 bpm » Cross rhythms b163 and b166-167 » Complex rhythmic patterns b76-84 » Rhythmic counterpoint between maracas b70- 72