1. WWW.PTVAG.COM PTV AG Report of some European experiences, facts and perspectives Dr. Rainer Schwarzmann, PTV AG (Germany) Transport Consulting Division August 2008

2. © PTV AG 2008 2 > Some words about PTV > Short profile of Transport Consulting > PTV‘s experiences in ATM > ATM policies in Germany > ATM measures > ATM benefits > Perspectives Overview

3. © PTV AG 2008 3 Introduction - PTV AG Founded 1979 Locations Karlsruhe, Germany + 6 other in Germany Subsidiaries 19 worldwide Staff 700 +

4. © PTV AG 2008 4 Headquarter and offices in Germany

5. © PTV AG 2008 5 Total performance of the PTV group PTV AG PTV Group

6. © PTV AG 2008 6 Europe International branches and partners Branches Partners Worldwide

7. © PTV AG 2008 7 PTV America, Inc. Founded 1997 (Innovative Transportation Concepts) 1982 (TModel Corporation) Locations Portland, OR Tacoma, WA Vancouver, BC Wilmington, DE Austin, TX Staff 30+

8. © PTV AG 2008 8 Business units PTV AG PTV AG Traffic Mobility Logistics

9. © PTV AG 2008 9 Transport Consulting Scope of services (Units) > Transport Planning (Master Plans, Impact Studies, Forecasts) > Public Transport Planning (Supply, Operation) > Transport Economy (Appraisals, special consultancy services) > Traffic Control and Management (Urban, Freeway, Tunnel) > Road Design and Equipment (Support in Design, Procurement services) > International Consulting Planning projects > International Consulting ITS/Traffic Management

10. © PTV AG 2008 10 Transport Consulting Specific services Traffic control and Management > ITS Master plans and strategy development > Operation and institutional concepts > Financial schemes (PPP) > System architecture and technical design concepts of > Urban Traffic control centers > Interurban/Freeway Traffic control/ATM systems + detection and communication networks > Tunnel monitoring and control systems > Design of ATM devices (VMS, road equipment) > Procurement and Tendering Services > Supervision of construction and implementation of ATM systems > Impact Analysis of ATM > Risk analysis road tunnels (evacuation issues, fire events) > National and European Research Projects ITS/Traffic Management

11. © PTV AG 2008 11 System Architecture for Traffic Control Planning of the main elements > data acquisition facilities to acquire current traffic and environmental data on site > data preprocessing and processing incl. the elaboration of a suggested control measure in a traffic control centre or sub-centre > data transmission between traffic data acquisition facilities and central facilities > information transmission to the road users, for example by means of variable message signs. Vast experience in Germany and Austria > Many projects since the eighties > Major contractor for Austrian Motorway company (ASFINAG)

12. © PTV AG 2008 12 Operating Principle of all ATM Systems Action display Units Analysis and procession of traffic data Decision generation of display data Aggregation of traffic data Detection collection of traffic data traffic flow

13. © PTV AG 2008 13 System Architecture for Active Traffic Control

14. © PTV AG 2008 14 System Architecture for Traffic Control - Special Subsystems: ASFINAG Video-Monitoring System

15. © PTV AG 2008 15 Germany‘s ITS Policy framework Background > Massive growth of traffic volumes > Especially on motorways > Especially of heavy goods vehicle traffic > Lack of opportunity and funds (!) for extension of physical road infrastructure Philosophy > Active Traffic Management has been seen as “repair” for a long time > Construction, extension and adequate dimensioning of roads was the first choice > ATM is not a standard feature for new motorways > Since 1980’s implementation programs (also driven by industrial support ideas) > In the meantime established based on good experiences > Safety > Capacity and quality of traffic flow > Reduction of incidents and increase of reliability of the major corridors > Implementation plans and programs in all states > Standards, Rules and Guidelines defined for concepts, devices and communication interfaces

16. © PTV AG 2008 16 Framework Program Federal Ministry’s of Transport, Building and Construction and Housing framework programs for traffic control on federal motorways: > 1981 to 1990:budget approx. 140 mill. € > 1991 to 1995:budget approx. 220 mill. € > 1993 to 1997:budget approx. 325 mill. € > 1996 to 2001:budget approx. 300 mill. € > 2001 to 2007:budget approx. 200 mill. € > But Compare: Annual budget for road construction approx. 10 Billion €

17. © PTV AG 2008 17 Costs of Traffic Control Systems Investment costs [per km road length]: > 0.1 to 0.5 mill. € Operation and maintenance costs [Percentage of investment costs]: > operating costs:0.3 to 0.8 % per year > staff costs:0.2 to 1.5 % per year > maintenance 1.5 to 2.5 % per year

18. © PTV AG 2008 18 Assignment of Costs to System Components investment costsoperating costs

19. © PTV AG 2008 19 Systems (Planned/realized) in Germany, Northern Part Green lines: Network control Red lines: Section control

20. © PTV AG 2008 20 Systems in Germany, Southern Part Green lines: Network control Red lines: Section control

21. © PTV AG 2008 21 ATM-measures: Collective Traffic Control Systems Network control/ Route guidance systems > variable direction signs > information panels Section control systems > speed control > hazard warning (weather, congestion, accidents, road works) > tidal flow/dynamic lane assignment Temporary Hard shoulder use Interchange control systems > merging aid > access control (ramp metering)

22. © PTV AG 2008 22 Route Guidance by Variable Direction Signs Influencing the road user‘s route choice. > by substitutive variable direction signs or > by additional variable direction signs It is generally used for the deviation of through-traffic of a network mesh (long-distance traffic) > due to a congestion on normal/alternative route > to harmonize the traffic volumes in network

23. © PTV AG 2008 23 Example of Substitutive Variable Direction Signs Source: Deutsche Aerospace AG

24. © PTV AG 2008 24 Example of an Additive Variable Direction Sign Source: Dambach-Werke GmbH

25. © PTV AG 2008 25 Route Guidance by Information Panels Alternatively use of information panels at important (route choice) decision points of the road network. For the local road user– experienced by daily use > To be warned of incidents or hazards > To change route

26. © PTV AG 2008 26 Example of an Information Panel Source: Dambach-Werke GmbH, Dambach-Vario-System

27. © PTV AG 2008 27 Network Control by dWiSta Panels Additive direction signs are increasingly replaced by dWiSta panels (dWiSta = dynamic direction signs with integrated congestion information). Being freely programmable they provide > a greater variety of display possibilities and > Higher flexibility in use for more possible applications.

28. © PTV AG 2008 28 Recently introduced dWiSta Panel

29. © PTV AG 2008 29 Management of Urban Access by dWiSta Panel

30. © PTV AG 2008 30... Implementation

31. © PTV AG 2008 31 Section Control Section control includes all systems which at several display points along a road section > indicate a speed limit > warn the road user of traffic-conditioned hazards (congestion, roadwork, accident etc.) > warn the road user of weather-conditioned hazards (fog, wetness, ice etc.) > Subtract/ add lanes (lane signalization). by means of variable message signs.

32. © PTV AG 2008 32 Displays of a Section Control System

33. © PTV AG 2008 33 Example of a Section Control System Source: Dambach-Werke GmbH, Traffic control system A5

34. © PTV AG 2008 34 Effects of Speed Control Reduction of the standard deviation of local speeds due to > smoother traffic flow > greater capacity > harmonisation of traffic flow.

35. © PTV AG 2008 35 Warning of Hazards Warning of traffic-conditioned hazards: > congestion warning > roadworks > accident Warning of weather-conditioned hazards: > fog > wetness > ice In Approach of dangerous spots a speed funnel is used.

36. © PTV AG 2008 36 Example of Congestion Warning Including Speed Funnel Source: Dambach aktuell

37. © PTV AG 2008 37 Tidal Flow Systems Allocation of lanes according to varying traffic loads > Variation in different peak hours > Variation due to special demand situations (events) The information on the current allocation of lanes is given by > overhead arranged lane signals > green arrow for free lane > yellow flashing arrow for lane to be cleared > red cross for blocked lane > lane allocation panels positioned at the roadside.

38. © PTV AG 2008 38 Example of Tidal Flow Systems on Motorways Source: Dambach-Werke GmbH, Road traffic management systems

39. © PTV AG 2008 39 Example of a Tidal Flow Systems on Motorways

40. © PTV AG 2008 40 Example of Tidal Flow Systems on Federal Roads Source: Ingenieurbüro Verkehrstechnik Karlsruhe

41. © PTV AG 2008 41 Example of a planning work for a Section Control System on Motorway including Tunnels

42. © PTV AG 2008 42 Intersection Control Maintenance of traffic flow and weaving at highly loaded interchanging sections > merging aid (lane allocation) – „relative“ of tidal flow systems > ramp metering (access control)

43. © PTV AG 2008 43 Example of Merging Aid Source: Landschaftsverband Rheinland, Traffic control system A3

44. © PTV AG 2008 44 Overhead direction signing supplemented by in-road signaling Source: Siemens ATD SV Exit control with dynamic lane allocation

45. © PTV AG 2008 45 Temporary hard shoulder use „The latest“ in ATM! > Increase of capacity for peak periods > Support of accessing traffic in highly loaded weaving sections > Stabilization of traffic flow In fact a combination of various ATM-elements > Detection > Video-monitoring > Control centre (decision) > Variable message signs > Special case of tidal flow system Many realization projects > Already realized and in operation on motorways in two states > Other states to follow after implementation of the base systems > Strong political pressure

46. © PTV AG 2008 46 Example of design work for section control system with Hard shoulder use functionality

47. © PTV AG 2008 47 Temporary hard shoulder use – Impact Analysis by simulation

48. © PTV AG 2008 48 What are the benefits? Control Measure Reduction of accidents (Number) Reduction of congestion (length and frequency) Capacity increase (max. volumes) Speed control Up to 30%Up to 50%Up to 10% Congestion Warning 50%n.a.n.a. Reduction of loss time Weather Warnings 60%n.a. Incident prevention Lane allocation/hard shoulder use ????Up to 50%Up to 25% route guidance n.a.Up to 50%n.a.

49. © PTV AG 2008 49 Accident rates before and after installation of section control systems

50. © PTV AG 2008 50 Safety Impacts of a Section Control System - on the Federal Motorway A5

51. © PTV AG 2008 51 Safety Impacts of a Section Control System - on the Federal Motorway A8

52. © PTV AG 2008 52 Safety Impacts of all Section Control Systems - compared to whole federal motorway network

53. © PTV AG 2008 53 Average speeds in different display situations

54. © PTV AG 2008 54 Standard deviation of speeds in different display situations

55. © PTV AG 2008 55 Perspectives Standardization > Guidelines for applications > Data protocols > Central units and > data collection systems Integration > Motorway, Interurban and Urban Control systems (Cooperative Management) > Public and Private (Navigation systems, Information centers)

56. © PTV AG 2008 56 1.Incident detection based on a cooperative report on traffic conditions Workflow 2.Strategy negotiation and implementation by public authorities 3.Strategy transmission to private service provider 4.Strategy compliant replies to routing request Urban Traffic Control Centre (Düsseldorf) Motorway Traffic Control Centre (Leverkusen/RVLZ Köln) Continuous Strategy Negotiation

57. © PTV AG 2008 57 Strategy Compliant Routing The idea behind the cooperation between public and private partners: Strategic Interaction of Services (Routing) In case of an incident, public authorities inform a navigation service provider of an alternative route and ensure an adequate level of service on this route. Navigation (and Web-Based Routing) Considering Strategies  a method, which was for the first time developed within the INVENT research project, is further developed with focus on automatic implementation

58. © PTV AG 2008 58 destination entrance trigger exit trigger A 52 A 44 A 57 location points “main route” location points “alternative route” Strategy Layer

59. © PTV AG 2008 59 System Architecture Navigation Service Center FCD Service Center Content Center Private Content Center Traffic Data Cooperative Strategy Management Traffic State (Level of Service, Travel Times) Traffic Messages Strategies Geo-Referencing Mobility Service Center Mapping Server Routing Server Road Editor OBN Server Waypoint-Server Online NaviClient BMW Onboard Navigation Front-end Internet Portal Urban CenterPrivate Service Center

60. © PTV AG 2008 60 The preferred route is calculated in the private service centre (based on dynamic map including the strategy layer). The corresponding route will be transferred to the navigation system as a way point list. TA Congested road segment Alternative route calculated according to the strategy Strategy Compliant Routing/Way Point Procedure destination WP1WP2 WP3 WP4 way points WP

61. © PTV AG 2008 61 PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany PTV America, Inc. WWW.PTVAG.COM PTV – Solutions for Sustainable Mobility Thank you very much for your attention!