1. Welding Symbols (ISO 2553) and Weld Joint Design

2. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Square Groove Weld
Single V Groove Weld

3. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single Bevel Groove Weld
Single V Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

4. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face
Single U Groove Weld

5. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Single J Groove Weld
Backing Weld

6. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Fillet Weld
Plug / Slot Weld

7. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Spot Weld
Seam Weld

8. ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS
Edge Weld
Surfacing

9. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Weld Profile
Flat
Convex
Concave

10. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLSMR
Toes blended smoothly
Permanent Backing Strip
Removable Backing Strip

11. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Peripheral Welds

12. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Site welds

13. SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
Tail Optional)
Sequence of Information in the Tail
Process (as per ISO 4063)
Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)
Working Position (as per ISO 6947)
Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or ISO 3581)

14. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Method of representation
Reference Line (Continuous)
Reference Line (Dashed)
Arrow Line
Weld Joint

15. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side
Arrow Side
Other Side

16. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Other Side
Arrow Side
Other Side

17. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Other Side
Arrow Side
Other Side

18. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on the Arrow Side
Arrow Side
Other Side

19. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Which is the Other Side in this case?
Side B
Side A
Side D
Side C

20. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Welding on both Sides
Arrow Side
Other Side

21. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Symmetric Welding on both Sides

22. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints OR

23. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

24. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Butt Joints l s l s

25. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds 5 z5 l 5 a5 l 5

26. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Fillet Welds a a a

27. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Intermittent Fillet Welds z n x l (e) z

28. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds z n x l (e)

29. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Spot Weld d
n (e) e e d

30. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Seam Weld d
n x l (e) l e d

31. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Plug Weld d
n (e) e e d

32. DIMENSIONING OF WELDS
Slot Weld d
n x l (e) e l d

33. WELD JOINT DESIGN

34. Edge Preparation - Need
Poor penetration
Poor strength
Good penetration
Good strength (100% joint efficiency)

35. Edge Preparation Factors which influence choice of edge preparation
- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost

36. Basic Joint Types
butt
lap
tee
corner
edge

37. Basic Weld Types Groove welds Fillet weld Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld

38. Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Square Groove weld
V Groove weld
U Groove weld
Bevel Groove weld
J Groove weld

39. Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Double V Groove weld
Double Bevel Groove weld
Double U Groove weld
Double J Groove weld

40. Applicable Welds for Tee joint

41. Applicable Welds for Lap joint
Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld

42. Applicable Welds for Corner Joint

43. Applicable Welds for Edge Joint
Edge weld

44. Butt joint
Square Groove weld
Root gap

45. Butt joint
Single V Groove weld
Groove angle 
Root face
Root gap

46. Weld Reinforcement Correct reinforcement Minimum cost
Good joint strength
Excess reinforcement
High cost
Poor joint strength
Under reinforcement
Poor joint strength

47. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
Weld from face side
Back gouging
Back weld

48. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
Backing weld
Back gouging

49. Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration (welding from one side)
TIG / SMAW welding
Consumable guide

50. Butt Joint – Double V groove
Less weld metal
Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
Double V groove
Single V groove
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm

51. Butt Joint – U groove Groove angle Root radius Root face Root gap
Good access at the root
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm

52. Butt Joint – Bevel groove
Single bevel groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50°
Difficult to approach the root
Weld defects
Double bevel groove
Back gouging to remove root defects
Good weld quality

53. Butt Joint – J groove Good access at the root
Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm

54. Tee Joint – Full strength joint
In a full strength joint, leg = 0.75 x thickness
throat = x leg
leg = x throat
leg
throat
leg

55. Tee Joint – Full penetration joint
45° or 60°
leg = throat
leg = throat

56. Tee Joint Actual throat Theoretical throat
AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm – to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap

57. Lap Joint overlap AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max

58. Welding Position – Groove

59. Welding Position – Groove
45°

60. Welding Position – Fillet

61. Welding Position – Fillet

62. Welding Positions – Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 80° to 150°
210° to 280°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 80°
280° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 80° to 280°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°

63. Welding Positions – Fillet
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0° to 15° 150° to 210°
Horizontal 0° to 15° 125° to 150°
210° to 235°
Overhead 0° to 80° 0° to 125°
235° to 360°
Vertical 15° to 80° 125° to 235°
80° to 90° 0° to 360°