1. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Presentation to “CBTC and Beyond”: Fifth International Conference on Communications-Based Train Control Washington, DC May 7-8, 2003 BART’s AATC Project Status Update

2. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Overview · Project Status · Next Steps · Brief Recap of AATC Concept

3. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Radio Ranging Measure the round-trip propagation time and calculate the distance.

4. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Radio Ranging Multiple measurements = Better accuracy Ranging with Multiple Radios

5. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Message Relaying

6. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Track Circuits detect a train... And the Station MUX sends speed commands to the train. RELAY INTERLOCKING

7. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling RELAY INTERLOCKING Existing interlocking receives track circuit data... …and sends permissive route data to the existing MUX

8. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Overlay System Ranging data provides train detection... AATC sends train performance commands via the radio network

9. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Overlay System When the AATC system is complete... …existing equipment will be removed.

10. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Overview · Brief Recap of AATC Concept · Project Status · Next Steps · Project Status

11. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Program Phases Hayward Test Track Fruitvale, Lake Merritt and the Wye M-line thru Daly City A-line thru Bay Fair Phase 2 (6/02) Phase 3 (7/05) Phase 1 (4/96)

12. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Safety Certification l Mixed Mode Certified for Revenue Service Effective July 1, 2002 l Full Mode Certification deferred. As of July 1, 2002: –Dry-Run Tests Nearly Complete –Formal Tests, V&V and Report Remaining to Complete

13. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Phase 2 Accomplishments l Radio-based train location safety-certified l Robust train-to-wayside communications proven: –Continuous speed, acceleration/braking commands achieved –Closed loop braking from wayside demonstrated l Run time savings proven l Energy savings measured

14. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling AATC vs ATC - Fruitvale to Lake Merritt, A2 track 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -1000 -500 0 500 100015002000250030003500400045005000550060006500700075008000850090009500 10000105001100011500120001250013000135001400014500 Track Location (feet) Speed (mph) AATC speed ATC speed Travel Direction Train Speed vs. Location

15. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling AATC vs ATC - Fruitvale to Lake Merritt, A2 track 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 05 101520253035404550556065707580859095 100105 110115120125130135140145150155160165170175180185190195200205210215220225230235 Time (seconds) Speed (mph) AATC speed ATC speed 37 seconds 192 seconds229 seconds Train Speed vs. Time

16. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Train speed (mph) Line Current kWh In kWh Out P Signal Energy Measurements Fruitvale to Lake Merritt -- ATC Line Voltage 9.30 kWh 2.31 kWh

17. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Train speed (mph) Line Current kWh In kWh Out P Signal Energy Measurements Fruitvale to Lake Merritt -- AATC Line Voltage 7.81 kWh 1.66 kWh

18. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Energy Measurements ModekWh In (Used) kWh Out (Regen.) Net Used ATC9.302.316.99 AATC7.811.666.15 Savings (AATC vs. ATC) 16%12% Sample Runs Fruitvale to Lake Merritt (kWh/car) Note: Energy regenerated depends upon other train traffic in area

19. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Current Status l System is not yet in routine operations –Only 5 trains equipped –Operations Staff not yet trained –Need Test Director on-board –Special operating instructions

20. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Remaining Design Issues l All remaining issues are in the adaptation of the technology to underlying train control system. For example: –Track circuit failure modes –Fuzzy track circuits limits, compounded by train positioning margins –Integration with existing system (SORS) l Result is difficulty in locating a silent train in MANUAL if tightly “sandwiched” between two AATC trains

21. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Operating Scenarios l Thorough look at how system safety and performance is affected by: –Loss of radio communication (silent train) –Equipment failure –Unusual or improper operations l 30 years in AUTO. Fall back to MANUAL is inoperable and less safe. Need for hardened AUTO system. l Analysis could not have been done before target design was completed l Joint effort by Supplier, BART project team, and staff from Operations Control Center

22. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Modifications Underway l Modify Silent Train Detection algorithms to use 2 track circuits instead of 1 l Eliminate automatic transitions between AATC Mixed Mode and AATC Full Mode. However, still have fall back: –From AATC Full Mode to ATC with restricted speeds –From AATC Mixed Mode to ATC w/o restricted speeds l Position Accuracy improvements (partial) l Tools for increased deployment efficiency

23. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Pending Modifications (subject to funding) l AATC Performance Improvements: –Additional scope originally identified in 1999 but postponed until funding is available: »Position Uncertainty (PU) Improvements »Reduced Brake Rate (RBR) Improvements »Slow Speed Orders –Defer all but 1 of 8 potential PU Improvements l Territory (Oakland Wye Retrofit, M-Line)

24. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Fruitvale, Lake Merritt and the Oakland Wye Hayward Test Track Status of Phase 3 Installation M-line thru Daly City 85 of 98 Radio Sites, VHLCs at 5 Control Rooms A-line thru Bay Fair 30 of 30 Radio Sites, VHLCs and SCs at 2 Control Rooms

25. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Remaining Phase 3 l Install wayside radios l Install station computers in 5 TC rooms l Collect radio ranging coefficients l Perform database V&V at each location l Install AATC equipment on 289 cars and 40 MV l Training l Revenue Service Preparation

26. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Phase 2 Safety CertificationJune 2002 NTP Remaining Phase 3August 2002 New test area ready (A30-A40)May 2003 Modifications Release #1May 2004 Modifications Release #2May 2005 Wye Re-layoutPossibly Defer Vehicle RetrofitMay 03-Jan 2004 A-Line Ready (incl. Vehicles,Training) May 2004 M-LineJuly 2005 (Defer?) Schedule

27. Bay Area Rapid Transit GETS Global Signaling Summary l AATC concept is solid l Interaction with existing system more complex than expected l Two key “Lessons Learned” –Continuously involve Operations Staff –Try to “break” the design with Operating Scenarios analysis l Found nothing than time and money can’t fix!