1. Salary Trends in in the Therapeutic Horsemanship Industry: An Update Lorrie Renker Pebbles Turbeville

2. A Sixteen Year Update 1998 Survey Strides: April 1999 “Therapeutic Riding Instructors : Trends & Statistics Article”. Worthen’s definition of a profession: Nine Components 2014 Surveys

3. Components of a Profession 1.Developed a body of content (knowledge and skills) unique to the area of specialization. 2. Specialization has developed standards to guide those who practice it. 3.Developed preparation programs designed to produce practitioners who are well qualified in the unique knowledge and skills.

4. Components of a Profession 4.Relevant professional associations influence the preparation programs. 5.Persons have a specialized knowledge. 6.Specialization has developed procedures for certification or licensing for those judged qualified to practice the specialization.

5. Components of a Profession 7.Specialization has developed an association devoted to furthering professional development of practitioners. 8.Specialization has developed criteria for determining membership in such association.

6. Components of a Profession 9. Stable career opportunities emerged for well-qualified practitioners.

7. Survey Return Center Survey 19982014 Number of Instructors Reported 888399 % of Return71%10% Instructor Survey 19982014 Number of Instructors Reported 392236 % of Return46%6% 1998 : Center and Instructor Surveys: collected with PATH annual renewals 2014 : Center surveys: email from PATH. Follow up direct email to centers listed on PATH website. Survey request sent through Yahoogroups. 2014 Instructor Surveys: request included in Center survey to ask instructors to complete. Survey request sent through Yahoogroups.

8. Operating Centers 1977199219982014 39433587651 PATH has maintained self-reported statistics since 1993

9. EAA Instructors 1979 1998 20002014 Master 29 33 27 Advanced 168 236 261 Registered 704 1,144 3,581 Other 252 Total16 901 1,413 4,121 % of registered instructors 78.14% 80.97% 92.56%

10. Instructor Terminology Center TR Instructor64% TH Instructor13% Riding Instructor 9% Other 4% EAAT Instructor 3% Adaptive Riding Instructor 2% Instructors of EAA 2% Adapted Riding Instructors 1% EAA Instructors 1% IRD 1% Instructor TR Instructor50% TH Instructor26% EAAT Instructor15% IRD4% Adaptive Riding Instructor4% Adapted Riding Instructor1%

11. Registered Instructors Reasons for not Pursuing Higher Level Certification Not enough time to pursue25% Plan to pursue in the future24% Cost of certification16% Other12% No pay differential10% Do not yet have the skills5% Certification too complicated4% Rumored fail rate3% Not a fair evaluation1%

12. Viable Profession (Instructor Reported) Answer Options%No. Unable to make a living wage as EAA Instructor47.88%113 Hold an additional position in order to make a living wage47.46%112 My significant other works in order for us to make a living wage36.44% 86 Only employed as an EAA Instructor19.07% 45 Would like full time position but only part time available16.53% 39 Have considered changing profession13.14% 31 Other11.44% 27 Able to make a living wage as EAA Instructor10.17% 24 Have more than one EAA Instructor position 6.8% 16 Have changed profession and have returned to EAA instruction 5.08% 12 Had to move to locate an EAA Instructor position 3.39% 8

13. Center Reported Paid Versus Non-Paid Instructors 19982014 Full Time Paid14%23% Part Time Paid47%61% Unpaid (Volunteer)38%16% Not Reported 1% Percentage calculated using numbers reported

14. Instructor Profile (Instructor Reported) 19982014 Average Years Teaching Non-Disabled9.43 years6 years Median6 years Mode0 years Average Years Teaching Disabled7.42 years10.18 years Median7.5 years Mode3 years Plan to Upgrade Certification Level48%

15. Benefits Centers Provide No Health Benefits66% No Dental Plan81% Instructors Receive No Health Benefits71% No Dental Plan80%

16. How Do Centers Find Instructors Hire from Within72.4% Word of Mouth58.2% Send Instructors for Training34.7% Advertise with PATH22.4% Advertise Locally16.3% Advertise of Listserves16.3% Contact Colleges / Universities8.2% Other7.1% Contact Approved Training Courses6.1%

17. How Easy to Find Instructors (2014) Very EasyEasyAverageDifficultVery Difficult 3%11%31% 24% In 1998 respondents indicated a rating of 3.4 on and easy (1) to Hard (5) scale

19. Full Time – Salaried Instructors ( Center reported) 19982014 Region 127,312.5035,000 - 39,000 Region 224,407.6035,000 – 39,000 Region 320,603.3335,000 – 39,000 Region 421,551.2547,000 – 51,000 Region 521,855.0027,000 – 31,000 Region 617,666.6747,000 – 51,000 Region 719,557.6835,000 - 39,000 Region 822,017.5533,000 – 39, 000 Region 922,083.3327,000 - 32,000 Region 1013,785.2034,000 – 38,000 Region 1122,438.18None reported

20. Hourly Rate (Center reported) Part Time 19982014 Region 1$16.38$18.40 Region 2$13.88$15.20 Region 3$16.08$26.05 Region 4$14.01$16.17 Region 5$17.61$15.77 Region 6$11.08$15.67 Region 7$13.05$18.24 Region 8$11.92$16.92 Region 9$13.64$11.67 Region 10$12.00$14.75 Region 11$12.14$17.78 Full Time 19982014 Region 1$13.33$18.61 Region 2$12.07$17.11 Region 3$10.89$16.57 Region 4$10.53$20.14 Region 5$13.05$14.89 Region 6$ 9.99$24.00 Region 7$11.17$17.33 Region 8$ 9.68$17.50 Region 9$11.81$15.00 Region 10$ 8.66$15.93 Region 11$13.22None reported

21. Full Time – Salaried Instructor Total ( Center Reported) 1998 Average Annual Salary $21,811.23 2014 Average Annual Salary $34,000 – $39.000 Median$35,000 –$ 39.000 Mode$35,000 – $39,000 Range$20,000 – $24,000 To $65,000 - $69.000

22. Total 2014 Hourly Rate 19982014 Part Time Center Reported 2014 Full Time Center Reported 2014 Instructor Reported Average$13.29$17.25$17.22 $17.44 Median$10.50$15.00$17.00$16.82 Mode$10.00$15.00 $20.00

23. Challenges in the past five years have:

24. Help Program Sustainability

25. Challenges in Collection of Data Instructors wear many hats Difficulty in obtaining responses Salary vs hour calculations Information not reported accurately

26. 1998 Predictions More demand / more jobs (46% of responses) Better pay (10% of responses) More college options Shortage of instructors Will bottom out and have less jobs More Advanced level Instructors

27. 1998 Predictions More business like More PR for EAA More qualified at less pay Demand for more qualifications More part time and less full time Recognized as a profession

28. 1998 Predictions Triple in five years More medical training More competitions

29. Rider Weight Limit Over 200 pounds38% (38) 200 pounds30% (30) Less than 200 pounds32% (33)