1. COM: 111 Introduction to Computer Applications Department of Information & Communication Technology Panayiotis Christodoulou

2. Copy formulas Build formulas containing relative, absolute and mixed references Review function syntax Insert a function with the Insert Function dialog box Search for a function Type a function directly in a cell Use Autofill to fill in a formula and complete series Insert the date with the TODAY function Panayiotis Christodoulou Learning Outcomes

3. Copy Formulas To copy formulas select the cell that the formula is written and then Ctrl + C The formula is now copied and can be paste in any other cell Panayiotis Christodoulou

4. By default, a spreadsheet cell reference is relative. What this means is that as a formula or function is copied and pasted to other cells, the cell references in the formula or function change to reflect the function's new location A relative cell reference consists of the column letter and row number that intersect at the cell's location. Panayiotis Christodoulou Using Relative References

5. Relative Panayiotis Christodoulou

6. Absolute Reference An absolute cell reference consists of the column letter and row number preceded by dollar signs ( $ ). An absolute cell reference is used when you want a cell reference to stay fixed on a specific cell. This means that as a formula or function is copied and pasted to other cells, the cell references in the formula or function do not change. Panayiotis Christodoulou

7. Absolute Panayiotis Christodoulou To create an absolute reference to cell H3, place a $ symbol in front of the column letter and row number of cell H3 ($H$3) in the formula of cell E3.

8. Panayiotis Christodoulou The reference to cell H3 is fixed (when we drag the formula down and across). As a result, the correct lengths and widths in inches are calculated.

9. Mixed References Panayiotis Christodoulou See the formula in F2 We want to copy this formula to the other cells quickly. Drag cell F2 across one cell, and look at the formula in cell G2.

10. Panayiotis Christodoulou Do you see what happens? The reference to the price should be a fixed reference to column B. Solution: place a $ symbol in front of the column letter of cell B2 ($B2) in the formula of cell F2. In a similar way, when we drag cell F2 down, the reference to the reduction should be a fixed reference to row 6. Solution: place a $ symbol in front of the row number of cell B6 (B$6) in the formula of cell F2.

11. Panayiotis Christodoulou We don't place a $ symbol in front of the row number of B2 (this way we allow the reference to change from B2 (Jeans) to B3 (Shirts) when we drag the formula down). In a similar way, we don't place a $ symbol in front of the column letter of B6 (this way we allow the reference to change from B6 (Jan) to C6 (Feb) and D6 (Mar) when we drag the formula across).

12. Function Syntax Every function has to follow a set of rules, or syntax, which specifies how the function should be written Panayiotis Christodoulou

13. Insert Function Formulas tab  Function library Group Panayiotis Christodoulou

14. Sum function Panayiotis Christodoulou

15. Search Function Panayiotis Christodoulou

16. Write SUM function Panayiotis Christodoulou

17. AutoFill AutoFill copies content and formats from a cell or range into an adjacent cell or range Select the cell or range that contains the formula or formulas you want to copy Drag the fill handle in the direction you want to copy the formula(s) and then release the mouse button To copy only the formats or only the formulas, click the AutoFill Options button and select the appropriate option Panayiotis Christodoulou

18. Select the cell or range that contains the formula or formulas you want to copy In the Editing group on the Home tab, click the Fill button Select the appropriate fill direction and fill type (or click Series, enter the desired fill series options, and then click the OK button) Panayiotis Christodoulou

19. Write your data Select the cell range From the bottom right corner of the cell range drag right Example 1

20. Example with Series Panayiotis Christodoulou

21. Example 2 with Series Panayiotis Christodoulou

22. Logical Functions IF Function The IF function checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if TRUE and another value if FALSE. Panayiotis Christodoulou If, does not work use ;

23. AND Function The AND Function returns TRUE if all conditions are true and returns FALSE if any of the conditions are false. Panayiotis Christodoulou If, does not work use ;

24. OR Function The OR function returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE and returns FALSE if all conditions are false. Panayiotis Christodoulou If, does not work use ;

25. Example Formulas tab  Function Library  Logical  IF Panayiotis Christodoulou

26. Insert Date Panayiotis Christodoulou Select cell --> Formulas tab  Function Library  Date and Time  TODAY