1. DIS from EMC to H1 T.Sloan, University of Lancaster. QCDN-06 Rome 2006 EMC proposal ’72-74 Build 1974-1978 Run 1978-1985 NMC (3 rd generation) SMC (4 th generation) Compass (5 th gen) H1 proposal 1985; Build 1985-1992 Run 1992 - 2007 DIS discovered at SLAC in 1960s – 1990 Nobel Prize This led to - later generations of νN and μ(e)N experiments

2. The Crowning Glory of the Work

4. EMC Spin Effect.

5. Proved that only a small fraction of nucleon’s spin is carried by the quarks. Incredible – we all thought we understood the quark-parton model. Is it ΔG or is the nucleon a Skyrmion ? Or is it something else ?

6. NMC Unexpected Effect (EMC Effect)

7. H1 How long will F2 Rise ?

8. EMC BSM Search for free quarks Search for D→μμ Observe J/ψ peak Charm cross section order of magnitude bigger Set limit on BR D→μμ of < 3.4 10 -4 (A. Staiano’s thesis - 1984) Sociology – one senior physicist commented on the draft paper Why have you done this analysis ? This is a very quiet paper.

9. Was he correct ? There are 8 citations for the paper on Spires. Look at quality of the citations 1. Particle data group (paper still there) 2. The experiment which copied us using a pion beam (bigger luminosity) 3. Others If we had found a signal for D→μμ the standard model would have needed modification Conclusion We were right to do the analysis.

10. The Collaborations EMC and H1 Work divided into several sub groups Structure Functions, Heavy flavour, hadronic final states (EMC and H1) Diffraction, BSM (H1) – diffraction and the standard model not part of vocabulary in EMC days

11. Heavy Flavour Physics EMC discovered via multimuons that boson gluon fusion was responsible for charm production – among first evidence for gluons

13. Contribution of b and c to F 2 - F 2 cc and F 2 bb

15. Hadronic Final States Programme in EMC (NA2, NA9) Lund Model developed for e+e- and μp data (ca1980). Much work was done to tune up the parameters of the model. H1 works in Breit frame, studies jets etc. Jets give insight into production of primary quarks and gluons.

17. EMC Inclusive Identified Hadrons - 1983

18. EMC Seagull plot – gluon radiation (1983)

19. H1 Scaling violations in fragmentation functions in Breit Frame compared to e+e- data.

20. α s versus Q from event shapes

21. Using dijets to constrain gluon distribution

22. EW Physics First BCDMS measurement from μ + p μ - p differences BCDMS data

23. H1 from e + p e - p differences

24. Are there right handed currents ?

26. Diffraction Not known in EMC days except for exclusive ρ, φ, J/ψ … Discovered in rapidity gap data at HERA. Now also being studied in forward leading proton and neutron data. Diffraction important for cosmic ray shower generation.

28. Cosmic Ray shower simulation Energy flow into forward region is very important for simulation of cosmic ray air showers. Estimate ~x% of events have a leading proton and ~y% have a leading neutron. Hence diffraction is important.

29. ZEUS Leading neutrons Zeus Leading protons

30. ISR leading photons ISR leading Neutrons (Flauger and Monnig

31. Leading neutron data – ISR Is the bump at high x one pion exchange ?

32. Holtmann,Szczurek,Speth Dashed ps meson exch Dotted vec meson exch Solid total

39. Conclusions EMC and H1 have been great places to work. Plenty of outstanding questions – where is the spin of the proton ? What will limit the rise of F 2 ? Is diffraction telling us something about the nuclear force ? Many questions for the workshop

41. F2 Accuracy Now and 1996 Expected Wider x range expected to be covered (down to 1.4 10-5 compared to 6.510-5) Improved systematic errors expected in 1996 compared to now. Eg 0.5% electron energy calibration backward and 1% central and forward (compared to 1% backward and 0.7%-3% central-forward). Some work is needed here. –Projected final accuracy is much better at x=0.65 than we actually have now.

42. PDF Accuracy 1996 Suggested to use jets to determine PDF by G.Lobo – fit made by ZEUS The ZEUS fit already approaches the accuracy expected in 1996.

43. Measurement of xF3 from e+ e - differences Based on 16 pb -1 of e - data – so improvement expected.

44. F L - 1996 Black points from extrapolation Measurement.Open from 4 proton Energies 10pb -1 at each

50. Diffraction In 1995/6 rapidity gaps had not been known for too long – so plans at workshop were primitive. We have done much more than was considered at the workshop. E.g.F 2 D3,F 2 D4, diffractive charm, vector meson production, dijets, DVCS…

53. Correlations between quarks studied by DVCS i.e. scatter highly virtual photon and detect a real one (NB e,γ, proton in final state). Several new structure functions are needed to describe such correlations. It is not yet known how to measure them – hence can only compare with models.

54. Jets and High ET Group I could not find anything on this topic in the 1995-96 workshop that we have not done. Some things extra – odderon searches, anti-deuterons … However, we still have not published the fragmentation functions for identified particles (except π 0 ).

55. Flagship Plot α S =0.1198±0.0013(exp) +0.0056-0.0043(theor)L=106pb -1

56. EW Plot – Status with 21 pb -1 L and 27 pb -1 R Classic plot demonstrating directly the left handedness of the W – this plot will end up in the text books. Must check with e - which should have negative slope. Poor fit to SM – New physics ? Current limit on Δσ R /σ L is 7% In 1996 projected to achieve 0.4% With L=500pb -1 and 70% polarisation. Use this to set limit on mass of W R

58. Conclusions Not much in the 1996 workshop to help us today H1 has done great work – I have shown my ideas of the flagship plots which we should leave for future generations. Each sub-group should identify its flagship plots. These should be made before we stop analysing HERA data with the smallest errors possible.