2. First Essay 69Q5 Due: 4 p.m. THURSDAY 24th OCTOBER - Student Registration No. - Class Code - Question in full - M. Penman Provisional Exam Slot:- Thursday 12th December 9 am - 12 noon Pathfoot C1/C2.

3. Great Seal of Robert I Chancellor - Bernard de Linton, Abbot of Arbroath

4. St Andrews, c. 1309.

5. Bruce’s first Parliament, St Andrews 16-17 March 1309 - Declaration of the Clergy of Scotland - John Balliol had been imposed as King of Scots by Edward I by force; “the faithful people always believed without hesitation, as they had understood from their ancestors and elders, that Robert the grandfather, was the true heir, and was to be preferred to all others as ruler of the realm after the death of King Alexander.” Fealty sworn to Lord Robert as King.

6. Parliament 16-17 March 1309, St Andrews - Declaration of Nobility - “the inhabitants of the whole realm of Scotland” acknowledge allegiance to Robert as King - sealed by earls of Ross, Lennox, Sutherland, Fife, Menteith, Mar, Caithness; key magnates like Edward Bruce, Thomas Randolph, Robert Keith, James Douglas, Robert Boyd, Campbells and Argyll men… - reply to letter of King of France - promising to take part in crusade once Scotland recovered.

7. Restored Diplomatic relations:- - French King writes to Robert seeking support for crusade 1309. - Edward II complains about Flemish and German merchants supplying Scots. - 29 October 1312 - renewal of Treaty of Perth with Norwegians over Western isles. But… - papacy refuses to recognise Robert as King of Scots (general council of Church, Templar dissolution)

9. Parliament 16-17 March 1309, St Andrews - Declaration of Nobility - “the inhabitants of the whole realm of Scotland” acknowledge allegiance to Robert as King - sealed by earls of Ross, Lennox, Sutherland, Fife, Menteith, Mar, Caithness; key magnates like Edward Bruce, Thomas Randolph, Robert Keith, James Douglas, Robert Boyd, Campbells and Argyll men… - reply to letter of King of France - promising to take part in crusade once Scotland recovered.

10. Scotland Community of the Realm substantial and responsible subjects upholding dignity of crown during absence of adult king… chosen from Earls, bishops, prelates and barons in royal council/parliaments… traditional counsel of King. But lesser member of community could also for crown - Wallace?

12. England Community of the Realm Baronial opposition to Kings unpopular policies in second half 13th C. But by early 14th C… came to mean Commons in parliament - shire knights and burgesses, whilst baronial opposition now ‘peers of the land’

13. Instances where faction claims to act for community of Realm? 1286 - Guardianships keep Comyns in and Bruces out? 1290 - Maid dead, Bruce seeking community backing? 1291-92 - Bruces accuse Comyn/Balliol of setting selves up as Community’s Guardians [Appeal of the Seven Earls] - Principles of community of realm compromised in reply to Edward I’s demand of overlordship? - Baldred Bisset (1301) spoke of Edward seeking a deal in 1291 with “one group of [Scottish] magnates belonging to a party which had no right in the kingdom at that time.” 1297 - Wishart, Steward and Bruce speak for ‘whole community…’ 1299-1300 - Comyn/Umfraville/Soules as Community exclude Bruce?

14. Inauguration at Scone 25/27 March 1306 St Andrews Parliament March 1309 …Bruce seeking approval/impression of community support. October 1309 - appeal to Edward II from ‘certain people to whom the name ‘the community of the realm of Scotland’ is given’ seeking promise he would uphold father’s promises of 1304… …Comyns, Umfravilles [earl of Angus], Mowbrays, Brechin, Macdougalls, MacDowalls, Abernethy, etc….