1. F4B - 1 BU ILDING STRONG SM Flood Damage Reduction Module F4: Reformulation – Optimization, Incremental Analysis and Selection of the NED Plan

2. F4B - 2 BU ILDING STRONG SM Student Learning Objectives The Student will be able to:  Use initial formulation information to develop/revise new formulation strategies  Describe the role of incremental analysis in plan formulation for flood damage reduction  Distinguish induced flooding from induced damages and know the importance of each to plan formulation

3. F4B - 3 BU ILDING STRONG SM How do we help this town? High ground behind red line Town limits

4. F4B - 4 BU ILDING STRONG SM Which do we choose? High ground behind red line Levee/Wall? Detention pond? Town limits Channel Modification? Non- Structural Measures?

5. F4B - 5 BU ILDING STRONG SM Initial Formulation (we have only just begun) -$15M$85M$100MChannel $20M$80M$60MLevees/Walls -$20M$20M$40MPond $10M$40M$30M Non- Structural Measure NED Cost NED Benefit Net NED Benefit

6. F4B - 6 BU ILDING STRONG SM And we look at it all again  Fist or last positioning of measures  Dependencies  Combinability  Incremental Analysis

7. F4B - 7 BU ILDING STRONG SM Increment Defined  An increment is any part of a plan that can be eliminated without jeopardizing the proper function of the remaining parts of the plan.  Thus, different levels of project performance are not increments.  WRDA 1986 Definition of Separable Element. “For purposes of this Act, the term "separable element" means a portion of a project-- (1) which is physically separable from other portions of the project; and (2) which-- (A) achieves hydrologic effects, or (B) produces physical or economic benefits, which are separately identifiable from those produced by other portions of the project.”

8. F4B - 8 BU ILDING STRONG SM Another Example - What’s An Increment? High ground behind red line Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Levee alignment Levee tie-back options Town limits

9. F4B - 9 BU ILDING STRONG SM Separable Increments of a Flood Damage Reduction Plan Plan IncrementNED Costs NED Benefits Net NED Benefits Levee A (1)$21M$20M-$1M Levee B (1&2)$40M$70M$30M Levee C (1,2 &3)$60M$80M$20M

10. F4B - 10 BU ILDING STRONG SM Separable Increments – Did we miss an opportunity the first time? Plan IncrementNED Costs NED Benefits Net NED Benefits Levee D (2)$21M$50M$29M Levee E (3)$20M$10M-$10M Levee F (2 &3)$39M$60M$21M

11. F4B - 11 BU ILDING STRONG SM Identifying the NED Plan  Without-project damages  With project damages  Benefits are damages reduced  Net benefits are benefits less project costs (total life cycle costs, including environmental mitigation)  Compare across project scales and between alternatives to determine plan that yields greatest NED benefits  Decision-makers always have the final say

12. F4B - 12 BU ILDING STRONG SM Environmental Consequences  Flooding is natural; flood damage reduction is not  Flood damage reduction measures can have environmental consequences  Some are intended, some are not  Some are anticipated, some are not  Some are beneficial, some are adverse  Unanticipated, unintended consequences may be the worst type

13. F4B - 13 BU ILDING STRONG SM Flood Plain Management Issues  Induced flooding is not the NED issue  Induced damages are the issue  Avoiding or mitigating for induced damages are part of project costs and must be considered in plan formulation  Induced flooding is an NFIP/EO 11988 issue that must be disclosed in the documentation Where does the water go?

14. Flood Protection Levee Lock Haven, PA Do you think this property could be affected?

15. F4B - 15 BU ILDING STRONG SM FEMA and NED Formulation Issues  National Flood Insurance Program participation assumed  FEMA coordination essential and a matter of policy  FEMA buyout land restrictions on Corps measures  Locally desired protection (especially 100-year)

16. F4B - 16 BU ILDING STRONG SM Take Away Points  Incremental analysis is required to identify the NED Plan.  While a study may recommend a locally preferred plan, the NED Plan establishes the limit on the Federal investment.

17. F4B - 17 BU ILDING STRONG SM Where We are Going  Next, we’ll start on Navigation  The first module will cover the authorities and policies related to the development of navigation projects.

18. F4B - 18 BU ILDING STRONG SM Challenge Question:  How is the formulation criterion of acceptability incorporated into the formulation process?  How acceptable does the NED plan have to be?  Who does it have to be acceptable to?