1. David Palfreyman

2. Outline Qualitative data and how to analyze it. Your data Nvivo 8 2 March 2007David Palfreyman

3. Types of qualitative data 2 March 2007David Palfreyman Interviews Focus groups Documents Observation Artifacts Text Images Audio Video

4. Research questions Do teachers in lower- and higher-resourced schools have different attitudes to discipline? May 2009David Palfreyman

5. Units of analysis Cases Attributes Data extracts (e.g. quotations) Codes (labels) 2 March 2007David Palfreyman - Relations - - Themes - MEMOSMEMOS LOTS OF DATA (in bundles)

6. MS Word for smaller projects Search (CTRL+F; Shift+F4) Coding with formats (bold, italics, font, size, colour) Insert comments Collect quotations (Find formats, copy and paste) 2 March 2007David Palfreyman

7. Set up your project in Nvivo Sources: input data (documents, media files, …); memos. Nodes: store ideas and coding. Sets: group your sources and ideas. May 2009David Palfreyman

8. Analyze with NVivo Finding bits of data (e.g. How many informants are over 25? OR: Who mentions “commitment” in their interview? OR: I had a document and some information about Mary – or was it Maria…? – and did I make a note about her?) Coding: labelling bits of data (e.g. This person finds ZU students “difficult” –like my previous interviewee) Queries: asking questions of your data (e.g. How has “commitment” been referred to in the focus groups? OR: Do any of the participants make a connection between “family” and “motivation”? OR: Do men and women tend to differ in their priorities?) 2 March 2007David Palfreyman

9. Seeing (and showing) the bigger picture Memos: record your thoughts about the data while you remember them! Models: visualize what is going on in the data. (e.g. concept maps, processes, categories, dimensions) Links: connect data items and content. Quantifying codes (e.g. Is there a statistically significant difference between men’s and women’s comments on this issue?) May 2009David Palfreyman

10. Online resources Grounded Theory: A thumbnail sketch http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arp/grounded.html (A clear summary of Grounded Theory as applied to actual data). CAQDAS: A primer http://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/mmethods/research/software/caqdas_primer.html (a detailed review of various softwares for QDA, comparing their features and also the theoretical assumptions they embody). Nvivo 8 tutorials http://www.qsrinternational.com/support_tutorials.aspx?productid=18 http://qsrinternational.fileburst.com/Document/NVivo8/Teach_Yourself_NVivo_8_Tutorials.pdf 2 March 2007David Palfreyman