1. Nanomaterials and Synthesis
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Nanomaterials and Synthesis

2. A. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Nanomaterial is a key element of Nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is based on nanomaterials.
Nanotechnology does not exist without nanomaterials.

3. B. Nanotechnology
 A technology that deals with small structrues or small-sized materials (with a typical dimension spanning from subnanometer to several hundred nanometers.)
F1.1 23
- A nanometer (nm) is one billionth of a meter, or 10-9m nm ≒10 hydrogen or 5 silicon atoms aligned in a line.
A technology of designing, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials.
Fundamental understanding of physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures.
Study on fundamental relationships between physical properties and phenomena and material dimensions in the nanometer scale.

4. C. Nanomaterials Materials with at least one dimension falling in
nanometer scale or with nano-sale structures.
Types of nano materials
F3.14
F3.19
- Zero-dimensional nanomaterials: nanoparticles or nano powder
- One-dimensional nanomaterials: nanofibers, nano wires, nonobelts, nanotubes and nanorods.
F4.14
F4.7
F4.23
F4.29
- Two dimensional nanomaterials: Thin films, nano
flakes, nano platelets nanosheets and nano coatings.
- Three-dimensional nanomaterials:
Monolithic, bulk made of nanoscale building blocks
or consisting of nanoscale structures.
F.1
F.8
F.3

5. Properties of Nanomaterials
Materials in the micrometer scale mostly exhibit physical properties the same as that of bulk form; materials in the nanometer scale may exhibit properties distinctively different from that of bulk:
• a lower melting point (the difference can be as large as 1000℃);
• reduced lattice constants;
• band gap broading;
(e.g., semiconductors become indulators;)
• exhibit catalytic properties(e.g., nano Au particles). 9
F.8-13
F.8-15
F.8-22
F.8-24
F.8-23
#12
#36

6. D. Nanomaterial and Synthesis
In order to explore novel physical properties and phenomena and realize potential applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, the ability to fabricate and process (synthesis and processing) nanomaterials and nanostructures is the first corner stone in nanotechnology.

7. E. Some applications of Nanomaterials
Zero-dimensional nano materials: Nanoparticles or nano powder
One-dimensional nano materials: Nanofibers, Nano wires, and Nanorods.
Two-dimensional nano materials: Thin films, nano flakes, nano platelets nanosheets and nano coatings.
Three-dimensional nano materials: Monolithic, bulk made of nanoscale building blocks or consisting of nanoscale structures.
147
148 A B C
Fig1 D
102 22
F.8 BN
graphene
#40
DSC 11
#13 I
Pervoskite

8. 0.1mm
Nano size

9. Zero-dimensional nano materials (classification of powders according to size)
Molecular
cluster
powder (particles)
0.001μm
0.01μm
0.1μm
1μm
1nm
10nm
100nm
1000nm
nano powder (particles)
submicron powder (particles)
microsized
particles
d < 100nm :
nano powder (particles)
ultra fine powder (particles)
d < 1μm:
submicron powder (particles)
fine powder (particles)

10. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
mechanism：
4. Cathode:
1.Absorption
2. Electron injection
3. Regeneration
Our research goals：to synthesize various nanopowder and nanostructured materials (TiO2, ZnO,CeO2…) with different morphologies for the fabrication of semiconductor electrode for DSSCs.
Requirement:
semiconductor thin film.
high specific surface area
energy levels matching the dye molecules
and the electrolyte
(LAMA, NCKU)

12. Nano-catalyst D
requirement:
high specific surface area
Nano-sized

13. SCS sol directly spin-onto FTO-glass
#13
scs
scs
700nm
P25
P25
6.4μm
(LAMSA, NCKU)

15. (C) Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor
capacity  size
objectives :
smaller size
higher capacity

16. (dielectric material)B
(internal
electrode)
(external
electrode)
(dielectric material)

17. Nano-sized dielectric ceramic powder
MLC (multilayer capacitor)
Nano-sized dielectric ceramic powder
present technology:
size 1mm
number of layer 1000
layer spacing 1m
thin and small
low temperature sintering

18. Flat Panel Display (with CNT emitter)
(phosphors)
(carbon nano tube)
Advantages:
low energy consumption
high resolution
thin device dimension

19. F3.14

20. F3.19

21. F4.14

22. F4.7

23. F4.23

24. F4.29

25. F.1
Characterization of BN nanosheets. (a) SEM image of laterally large BN nanosheets. The inset is a BN product of around 100 mg in weight obtained during a single experimental run. (b) A magnified image of an ultra-thin BN nanosheet. (c) TEM image of plentiful BN nanosheets which were dispersed in ethanol. The inset is a selected magnified image showing a detailed folded corrugation landscape. (d) HRTEM image of a six-layered BN nanosheet. The inset image is a zoomed-in picture indicating a perfect honeycomb-like BN crystal lattice. The inset profile is the corresponding EELS of BN nanosheets. (e) AFM tapping mode image of two pieces of large BN nanosheets. (f) 3D view of the marked region in (e). (g) Cross-sectional profile along the scan marked in (e) and (f).

26. F.3

27. Cell separation using magnetic nanoparticles (antibody)
(normal cells)
(targeted or infected cells)
(magnetic
field)

28. Cancer targeting using quantum dot (nanoparticles) (quantum dot)
(identification
species)
(cancer cells)

31. thin (nano) film nanowire nanocrystal bulk crystal Energy Bad gap
discrete energy level
forbidden region
Energy
Bad gap
Increase in Band gap
density of energy level

34. Zero-dimensional nano materials (classification of powders according to size)9
Molecular
cluster
powder (particles)
0.001μm
0.01μm
0.1μm
1μm
1nm
10nm
100nm
1000nm
nano powder (particles)
submicron powder (particles)
microsized
particles
d < 100nm :
nano powder (particles)
ultra fine powder (particles)
d < 1μm:
submicron powder (particles)
fine powder (particles)

36. #36

37. #4 #7
(LAMSA, NCKU)

38. BN: as a carrier for drug delivery BN has a layered structure similar to graphite.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which plays an important party in the neural system in human body especially in the brain. In the brain, dopamine is released by nerve cells to act as intermediate to send signals to other receptors. This is why this compound has a critical role in learning ability, memory function, controlling the noise tolerance as well as adjusting the personal character.
Required properties:
˙ chemically inert
˙ nontoxic
˙high drug adsorption

39. graphene
Graphene is one planar sheet of sp2 -bonded carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice and is the basis of carbon nanotubes The importance of graphene sheets has been demonstrated in a variety of applications including high electron mobility, and the enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of composite materials.

40. #40
The structure of BN

43. Perovskite Solar Cell
Pervoskite
Perovskite structure(ABX3) Ex:CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl,Br, I) CH3NH3PbI3-xClx
Device architecturestem from DSSC
Au: counter electrode HTM: hole transport CH3NH3PbI3: absorber
mesoporous-TiO2: scaffold, electron transport TiO2 compact layer: block the contact between HTM and FTO
(hole transport material)
TiO2 compact layer
light