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Tutorial: Obchodní akademie Topic: References Prepared by : Mgr. Zdeněk Hrdina Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.
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By „reference“ we mean the situation in which we use in a particular cell data from another cell Example: The B4 cell contains a formula referencing to cells B2 and B3 If we change the values in cells B2 or B3, the value in the B4 cell will change as well
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1) = B2 – referencing the B2 cell from the same sheet and workbook 2) =list2!B2 – referencing the B2 cell located on the sheet called „list2“ 3) ='[sesit.xls]list1'!B2 – referencing the B2 cell located on the sheet called „list1” in a workbook called „sesit.xls”
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We can enter references in lower-case or upper-case letters, Excel always converts them to upper-case letters Names of sheets and workbooks that are made up of more than one word need to be enclosed in single quotation marks
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relative – when copying a formula, it adapts to the new position mixed – when copying a formula, only the column or the row adapts and the second element of the reference stays the same ◦ row absolute – the row doesn’t change but the column does ◦ column absolute – the column doesn’t change but the row does absolute – when copying a formula, it stays the same.
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Relative reference – the same as in the first example - e.g. B2 Mixed reference ◦ row-absolute - B$2 ◦ column-absolute - $B2 Absolute reference - $B$2
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1) directly from the keyboard ◦ Czech keyboard – Alt Gr + ů ◦ American keyboard – Shift + 4 2) using the F4 key – reapeated pressing of the F4 key toggles between the possible variants of a given reference ◦ before pressing the F4 key it is necessary to click on the formula
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By correctly using the mentioned types of references we can save time and make our work more effective.
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Complete the table with formulas and correct types of references so that the copying of formulas into the other cells is as effective as possible zadani.xlsx zadani.xlsx
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BARILLA, Jiří, Pavel SIMR a Květuše SÝKOROVÁ. Microsoft Excel 2010: Podrobná uživatelská příručka. Brno: Computer Press, 2010. ISBN 978-80-251-3077-3. Microsoft Office. Relativní a absolutní odkazy - MS Excel [online]. 2011-12-11 [2011- 12-16].
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