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Millenium simulations at IPSL THOR: C. Frankignoul, G. Gastineau, C. Marini, J. Mignot Escarsel: M. Khodri, J. Servonnat, P. Yiou THOR CT1 meeting, Bergen, Oct 1-2 2009
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The IPSL-CM4 coupled model LMDZ: atmospheric physics and dynamics horizontal resolution 96x72, 19 vertical layers OPA: ocean dynamics based on a 2 degrees Mercator mesh (orca), 31 vertical levels LIM: sea-ice dynamics and thermodynamics ORCHIDEE: land surface OASIS Marti et al 2008 http://mc2.ipsl.jussieu.fr/simules.html, http://igcmg.ipsl.jussieu.fr/Doc/IPSLCM4/
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The IPSL-CM4 coupled model Simulations: - CTRL1000 years control simulation, preindustrial GHGs and tropospheric aerosols concentrations - SOL 950 years (1001-1950) years simulation including solar forcing, historical GHGs (Joos et al. 2008) and preindustrial tropospheric aerosols concentrations - SOLVOL 300 years (starting yr 850) simulation including solar +volcanic forcing
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TSI Crowley (2000), W/m -2 (a) 1363 1365 1367 The solar forcing 1000 1200 1600180020001400 Calendar time SOL SOLVOLKrivova, pers. com. 2009 Amman et al. 2007: -0.25% TSI at the Maunder minimum More recent estimates: -0.1 % at the Maunder minimum
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SOL – northern hemisphere temperatures Reconstructions overlap Osborn and Briffa, IPCC AR4, Solomon et al. 2007 Good global agreement, Cold « bias » (Missing volcanoes, which would have decreased the warming between 1700-1900.) Correlation with TSI: 0.74 Servonnat et al., in prep.
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Northern Hemisphere surface temperature anomalies (°C ref 1750-1850) Preind. CTRL Mann et al 2008 EIV Moberg et al 2005 Crowley & Lowery 2000 Ammann & Wahl 2007 (a) (e) (d) (c) (b) SOL – northern hemisphere temperatures Comparison with four individual reconstructions Servonnat et al., in prep.
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SOL – regression of temperature on TSI 1000-1800 annual mean Max sensitivity with 15 yrs lag: 0.109°C/W.m -2 sensitivity over sea ice > over land > over ocean Servonnat et al., in prep. Lag 15 yrs
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CTRL/SOL surface temperature variability CTRL SOL 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S Cold period (1684-1734 AD) Warm Period (1230-1280 AD) - 1 SD + 1 SD Annual mean Summer Winter (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (k) (l) (i) (j)(h) 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 0.2 0.6 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 - 0.2 - 0.6 - 1 - 1.4 - 1.8 - 2.2 - 2.6 - 3 Servonnat et al., in prep.
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CTRL/SOL surface temperature variability CTRL SOL 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 100°W 100°E0° 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S Cold period (1684-1734 AD) Warm Period (1230-1280 AD) - 1 SD + 1 SD Annual mean Summer Winter (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (k) (l) (i) (j)(h) 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 80°N 40°N Eq 40°S 80°S 0.2 0.6 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 - 0.2 - 0.6 - 1 - 1.4 - 1.8 - 2.2 - 2.6 - 3 Servonnat et al., in prep. Global Land Ocean = 75% = 78% = 73% Global Land Ocean = 71% = 73% = 71% Global Land Ocean = 76% = 83% = 73% Global Land Ocean = 73% = 80% = 70% Global Land Ocean = 67% = 57% = 72% Global Land Ocean = 70% CP WP Annual mean SummerWinter -1SD/+1SD SOL
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SOLVOL – sensitivity of the atmospheric model to volcanic forcing b) Observations (Robock, 2000) Anomalous response of LMDZ to Mt Pinatubo eruption (DJF 1991-1992) Temperature in the low troposphere 500mb geopotential a) LMDZ Khodri, pers. com.
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SOLVOL – volcanic forcing in the IPSL model Sulfate aerosol in the stratosphere Volcanic eruption with a VEI>4 Essentially tropical eruptions Optic thickness of the volcanic aerosols for the Mt Pinatubo eruptions (1991-1992) months latitude altitude DJF 1991-1992 Mie code to compute the simple diffusion albedo and asymetry factor for the sulfate stratospheric aerosol in water phase Implementation of the optic thickness on the 2 layers above the tropopause Khodri, pers. com.
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Atlantic thermohaline circulation CTRL SOL SOLVOL
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Atlantic thermohaline circulation MSF average CTRL SOL SOLVOL
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North Atlantic deep convection Maximum mixed layer depth in March CTRL
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Barotropic streamfunction CTRL
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Horizontal circulation in the North Atlantic CTRL
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Horizontal circulation in the North Atlantic in winter CTRL
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Horizontal circulation in the northern North Atlantic CTRL
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Horizontal circulation in the northern North Atlantic in winter CTRL
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Plans Use of IPSL_CM5 model: ORCA2 x LMDZ (96x95x39) run should start before end 2009 Only SOLVOL experiment? forcings? - THC variability on decadal to centennial timescale – process studies -Ocean-atmosphere feedback - internal vs externally forced variability
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Implémentation de l’impact radiatif des aérosols volcanique dans MDZ Code de Mie: Calcul de l’albédo de simple diffusion (cg) et le facteur d’asymétrie (piz) pour les aérosols stratosphériques sulfatés en phase aqueuse (forme binaire H2SOA/H2O: 75%/25%) El Chichon + Pinatubo (SO4 droplet): # R : rayon modal en nm : 500.0 # Sigma : largeur de distribution: 1.30 # w1 w2 : albedo de simple diffusion sur les 2 bandes du visible : 1.000 0.995 # g1 g2 : paramËtre d'assymÈtrie sur les 2 bandes du visible : 0.7079 0.7548 Implémentation de l’épaisseur optique (Tau) sur les 2 couches atmosphériques au dessus de la tropopause Epaisseur optique des aérosols volcanique Pour l’éruption du Mt Pinatubo (1991-1992) mois latitude altitude DJF 1991-1992 Khodri, pers. com.
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Volcanic Explosive Index, VEI (Newhall y Self, 1982) VEI HAUTEUR DU PANACHE VOLUME D’ÉJECTION CLASSIFICATION EXEMPLE 0 <100 m 1000s m 3 Hawaiano Kilauea 1100-1000 m 10000s m 3 Hawaiano/Estrombolia no Stromboli 2 1-5 km 1000000s m 3 Estromboliano/Vulcani ano Galeras (1992) 3 3-15 km 10000000 m 3 VulcanianoRuiz (1985) 4 10-25 km 100000000s m 3 Vulcaniano/Plineano Galunggung (1982) 5 >25 km 1 km 3 PlineanoSt. Helens (1980) 6 >25 km 10s km 3 Plineano/Ultra-Plineano Krakatau (1883) 7 >25 km 100s km 3 Ultra-Plineano Tambora (1815) 8 >25 km 1000s km 3 Ultra-Plineano Toba (74 ka) Volcanic eruptions with stratospheric impact : VEI > 4 Khodri, pers. com.
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Mixed layer depth in the North Atlantic Monthly mean maximum Standard deviation of the March monthly values De Boyer Montégut et al. 2005
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Annual mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation Time series of the AMOC maximum
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Temporal characteristics of the maximum of the annual mean AMOC
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Leading mode of SLP variability over the North Atlantic
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2nd EOF of SLP over the North Atlantic
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Atlantic annual mean SST and SSS Reynolds Reverdin
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ENSO in IPSL-CM4 First EOF of tropical Pacific SST Regression of the SLP on the corresponding principal component 64%
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ENSO Model Observations (Reynolds and NCEP) 65,5 % 64 %
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