1. CDIO Approach for Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures By Dr Tao Nengfu, Yoong Yuen Soo, Tan Poh Seng School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

2. Contents 1.Introduction 2. An Innovative Solution For Real-time Experiential Learning of Large Structures 3.CDIO Approach For Real-time Experiential Learning of Large Structure 4. Conclusions School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

3. Introduction  Traditional Approach to Teach Structural Analysis & Design Modules  A series of lectures on physical laws, mathematical tools and methods for structural analysis and design  Students are passive recipients  Supplemented by a few laboratory experiments on scaled-down models in different sessions at different places School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

4. Introduction  Perceptions of Civil Engineering Students on Structural Analysis & Design Modules  Abstract  Dry  Difficult to visualize and understand  Killer modules  No confidence to pass  … School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

5. Introduction “Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand.” Confucius (551-489 B.C.) School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

6. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Conceiving Stage (brain-storming sessions)  Adopted two-pronged approach  applied systems thinking  consulted relevant staff members  consideration of future implementation of CDIO as the context for civil engineering education School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

7. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Solution To upgrade an existing laboratory space and design-build- operate a real size structural system to give students integrated hands-on learning experience School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

8. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Why this solution is Innovative? a)Motivating students in understanding of structural concepts and behaviours. b)Integrating discrete and disconnected experiments across different structural engineering modules. c)providing a conducive learning environment within existing laboratory that was used for concreting and building technology work, and d)providing a platform for implementing principles and standards of CDIO in the context of civil engineering education. School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

9. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Designing Stage  Developed design specifications  Carefully selected a consultant  Worked closely together with the external consultant  Issued drawings to an external contractor for construction School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

10. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Construction Stage  Played roles of “site supervising engineer” and “product system operator”  Worked closely together with the external consultant and contractor School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

11. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009 Completion of the “Structural Learning Space”

12. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures  Installation of structural measurement system School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009  Sixty high resolution strain gauges  Two 30-channel digital data loggers  Two desktop computers Learning Space Structure Computer simulation

13. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures Unique features of the “Structural Learning Space”  Typical steel members of hot-rolled sections are used;  All main structural members are not covered by ceiling boards;  All typical connection details are painted with different colours;  Equipped with advanced structural measurement system. School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

14. CDIO Approach For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structure An integrated capstone project (Module: Structural Steel Design & CADD) Project objectives a)Integrate and apply all aspects of knowledge in structural engineering; b)Cultivate team spirit and team work through working with team members; c)Practise technical skills, quality consciousness and time management; d)Develop initiative, creative thinking and innovative ideas, and e)Plan, organize and write a group project report. School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

15. CDIO Approach For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structure An integrated capstone project (Module: Structural Steel Design & CADD) Main tasks 1)Scheming of structural floor plans based on architectural drawings; 2)Load determination, calculation and transferring; 3)Sizing, analyzing and designing of structural members; 4)3D modelling and virtual construction of the “Structural Learning Space” 5)Report writing and compiling School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

16. CDIO Approach For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structure School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009 Project Schedule Week in Term 4Tasks Week 1 Project briefing and getting started on project Week 2 Scheming of structural floor plans Week 3 Load calculations & analysis using STAAD.Pro 2007/SAP2000 Week 4 Design calculations Week 5 Design calculations and CAD 3D modeling using Bentley Structural XM Week 6 CAD 3D Modeling and Animation of erection sequence using Bentley Structural XM Week 7 Writing and Compilation of Report Before 5:00pm, Friday of Week 7 Submission of the project report.

17. CDIO Approach For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structure School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009 Project assessment ItemLearning OutcomesCDIO SkillsWeightage 1 Reasonableness of assumptions of live loads, member sizes and modelling for structural analysis. 1.2 and 2.1.215% 2 Correctness of load calculation, load transferring, structural analysis and design calculations. 2.1.4, 2.4.3, 4.4.1 and 4.4.3 35% 3 Correctness of 3D CAD modelling and animation of construction sequence. 3.2.515% 4 Teamwork and communication3.1 and 3.2.615% 5 Documentation of the report3.2.3 and 3.3.120%

18. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures Student-centred experimental activities School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009 Verification of stress-strain formula

19. An Innovative Solution For Real-Time Experiential Learning of Large Structures Student-centred experimental activities School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009 Applied Load (kN) Numerical Results (ε 1 ) Experimental Results (ε 2 ) Difference ( |ε 1 - ε 2 |/ ε 1 ) 144.3×10 -6 4.1×10 -6 4.60% 164.9×10 -6 4.7×10 -6 4.10% 185.5×10 -6 5.3×10 -6 3.60% Numerical Analysis and Experimental Results of Member BC

20. Conclusions 1. Provides students the opportunities for integrated learning of structural engineering modules. 2. Provide a platform for the integrated capstone project on the “Structural Learning Space”. 3. Provide a space and a tool for student-centered real-time experimental learning activities for structural engineering modules. 4. Student feedback shows that by operating on the “Structural Learning Space”, learning of structural analysis and design modules is no longer boring but one that provides a pleasant learning experience. School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009

21. Q & A ? School of Architecture and the Built Environment The 5th International CDIO Conference, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, June 7-10, 2009