1. Kjell Lundén Nordic Branch Office SANYO CO 2 Technologies at Ahlsell Seminar in Norway SANYO Airconditioners Europe. 21 April, 2008

2. 1. Introduction of CO 2 Products 2. Why CO 2 as refrigerant for Heat Pump ? 3. Technology of Sanyo CO 2 ECO 3-1. Compressor Design 3-2. Introduction of CO 2 ECO 4. Summary CONTENTS

3. 1. Introduction of CO 2 Products 2. Why CO 2 as refrigerant for Heat Pump ? 3. Technology of Sanyo CO 2 ECO 3-1. Compressor Design 3-2. Introduction of CO 2 ECO 4. Summary

4. HEAT PUMP House-hold Refrig., using small amount of HC HC （ R600a ） Heat Pump Water Heater 4.5-6kW CO 2 （ R744 ） Hydro Space Heater 4.5-9kW Ammonia HP chiller For A/C Ammonia （ NH 3 ） ＣＯ ２ /Ammonia Cascade system High side NH3 and Low side CO2 Commercial HP Water Heater 25-600kW Vending Machines Bottle Coolers CO 2 （ R744 ） CO2 CO 2 （ R744 ） Natural Ref. used Products all around the world CO 2 (R744) is the promising refrigerant as post HFC. Residential Commercial  It is not the Future Technology at all !

5. （ Thousands ） 130 225 350 450 550 650 800 81 460L ~ 370L ~ 300L Small self contained type CO 2 CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater Market in Japan 03 04 05 06 07 (08) (09) (10) CO 2 CO 2 In Japan, most of HPWH uses CO 2 instead of HFC, simply because CO 2 is more suitable than HFC for heating application.. … WHY ?? ■the number of units sold in Thousands (Sanyo estimate)

6. 1. Introduction of CO 2 Products 2. Why CO 2 as refrigerant for Heat Pump ? 3. Technology of Sanyo CO 2 ECO 3-1. Compressor Design 3-2. Introduction of CO 2 ECO 4. Summary CONTENTS

7. ■ Characteristics of natural refrigerants ODPGWPFlammabilityToxicityNatural Substance Natural Refrigerant CO201 －－ Yes HC03++ － Yes NH30 ≒0≒0 ++Yes HFC R134a01300 －－ No R410A01900 －－ No R407C01600 －－ No HCFCR220.0551700 －－ No Montreal Protocol. Kyoto Protocol → Natural refrigerant with Energy savings CO 2 is Environmentally Friendly: No ODP, negligible GWP CO 2 is Safe: Nonflammable, Nontoxic, no recovery required, Reason #1. CO 2 is Natural

8. CO2 (R744) do not condense at high side of Heat Pump cycle because the critical point is lower than working pressure. ( Transcritical Cycle) High Volumetric Capacity, Small Pressure Drop. Reason #2. CO 2 is Good for Heat Pump Enthalpy (kJ/kg) CO2 (R744) has high pressure and high density even at low ambient such as -20 ℃.  High Heat Pump Performance even at Nordic Area. Point 1 Point 2 Critical Point （ 31 ℃） CO2 HFCs Critical Point R410A 72 ℃ R407C 86 ℃ R134a 101 ℃ R404A 72 ℃ Temperature curve Pressure ［ MPa ］ ● ●

9. Temp. HFCCO 2 condensation of refrigerant Ref. OUT Ref. IN Water 65 ℃ 90 ℃ In addition to the non-condensation property, CO2 has high heat transference ratio. → better Heat Pump efficiency, and Hot Water （ 90 ℃） can be obtained. The larger the temp. difference, the better the efficiency. Inlet temp also affect the system efficiency a lot. Because it is Transcritical cycle, efficiently heat up the water. Reason #2. CO 2 is Good for Heat Pump Point 3 Point 4 Water OUT Water IN Ref. OUT Ref. IN Water OUT Water IN

10. Green Refrigerant CO 2 High pressure （ 12MPa or more ） & Large pressure difference 1. Environmentally friendly (ODP=0, GWP=1) 2. Nonflammable, Nontoxic 3. No recovery or recycling required 4. Worldwide availability 5. High volumetric capacity and Heat transfer 6. Heat pump ability at low temperature ambient Advanced technologies were required,. especially for Compressor and Refrigeration system. Advantages: Challenge: Best Refrigerant for Heat Pump! Especially in the Cold Climate (-20 ℃ ) Summary: Characteristics of CO 2 as refrigerant Technology Break-through by Sanyo

11. 1. Introduction of CO 2 Products 2. Why CO 2 as refrigerant for Heat Pump ? 3. Technology of Sanyo CO 2 ECO 3-1. Compressor Design 3-2. Introduction of CO 2 ECO 4. Summary CONTENTS

12. ・ SANYO’s Unique Technologies Excellent Processing & Assembly Technology Optimized Pump Dimension System Advantages belong to only 2-Stage Compressor High Performance High Reliability Low-Vibration Low-Noise Compact Design ・ Internal Intermediate Pressure Structure against high working pressure ・ 2-Stage Compression Mechanism in One Compressor against large pressure difference Since Y2001, The World’s First Rotary 2-Stage CO2 Compressor Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor ・ Very efficient DC Brushless Inverter Motor comply with varied Heating Load

13. 1 st Stage 2 nd Stage MotorShell Low Pressure High Pressure Internal Intermediate Pressure Working for Heating Applications. Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

14. Working for Heating Applications. Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor Heat the Water without condensation 2-stage Compression realizes the high isentropic efficiency and high reliability Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Pressure (MPa)

15. 1. Introduction of CO 2 Products 2. Why CO 2 as refrigerant for Heat Pump ? 3. Technology of Sanyo CO 2 ECO 3-1. Compressor Design 3-2. Introduction of CO 2 ECO 4. Summary CONTENTS

16. CO 2 ECO System Features First St. Second St. Inter. Heat Exchanger Evaporator Gas Cooler Expansion Device(No.1) (Main) Compressor Accumlator Hot Water Cold Water Expansion Device(No.2) (Bypass ) Ｐ Heater (radiator) Heater 9kW Heater 6kW Water Pump Mixing Valve For Shower W-W HX For HP

17. Only Available for Sanyo Original 2-stage CO 2 Cycle ! First St. Second St. Inter. Heat Exchanger Evaporator Gas Cooler Expansion Device(No.1) (Main) Compressor Accumulator Hot Water Cold Water Expansion Device(No.2) (Bypass ) This Technology was applied to new 9kW CO2 ECO! Sanyo Original CO 2 Technology State of the Art Technology !

18. New Refrigerant Circuit “Split Cycle” Only Available for Sanyo Original 2-stage CO 2 Cycle !

19. (Data) New Refrigerant Circuit “Split Cycle” - Heat Pump Unit COP is increased by. by 17% at -20 ℃, by 16% at -10 ℃. - Heating Capacity is increased by 50% at -20 ℃. （ Return Temp. ;40 ℃,Output Temp. ； 55 ℃） （ Return Temp. ;40 ℃,Output Temp. ； 55 ℃） - Heating System Ave. COP is increased by 8%. ※ Data source: Sanyo test data Addition of split cycle Adjustment of COMP Hz

20. Outlet Water Air Heat Pump Unit Tank Unit Inlet Water Gas – Water Heat Exchanger Compressor Accumulator Expansion Valve Air Air – Gas Heat Exchanger Sanyo Original Freeze Prevention Coil Actual Effect of Evaporator High Pressure Hot Gas Hot Gas Low Pressure Gas Gas Air Flow *Cross-section Diagram at the bottom of the Evaporator Special Refrigerant flow was adopted to prevent heat exchanger coil from freezing without stopping the operation. (No Heater, No reverse cycle required) Strength of CO 2 ECO for Northern Europe

21. Model Co. ACo. BCo. CSANYO SHP- C90GDN Outlook Dimension H1045 W1200 D 500 H1040 W1280 D 407 H 952 W1086 D 600 H1230 W 930 D 340 Weight 132kg135kg150kg105kg Refrigerant R404A 2.0kg R407C 2.2kg R407C 2.6kg CO2 1.6kg Amb. Temp. -20 ℃ Heating Capacity[ kW] STOP at -20 ℃ STOP at -11 ℃ 5.08.0 COP――1.61.8 Amb. Temp. 7 ℃ Heating Capacity [kW] 10.49.0 COP3.2 3.03.2 Heat Pump Capacity Comparison Ambient Temp ( ℃ ) Heat Pump Capacity (kW) Sanyo 9kW Ambient Temp ( ℃ ) COP (W/W) COP Comparison Strength of CO 2 ECO for Northern Europe Co. A Co. C Co. B Co. A Co. B Co. C SANYO 9kW Co. A Co. B Co. C SANYO 9kW Actual Test Results by Sanyo Labo.

22. Correlations between Outdoor Temp. and HP Performance 10k W 5k W 4.5kW CO2 NEW 3phase-400V 9kW Demanded Heat Level for a house -20 ℃ 10 ℃ 0℃0℃ -10 ℃ -25 ℃ 10 ℃ Conventional 9.0kW HFC Conventional 6.0kW HFC NEW 1phase-230V 9kW

23. 1. CO2 HP is widely used in Japan and best matches the use in cold climate. (works even at -25 ℃ )  Big Energy Saving compared to HFCs. 2. Easy Installation. (No Drilling, No connection kit) 3. Sanyo 2-stage compression enabled the very reliable CO2 cycle and cutting edge technology, “Split Cycle”. CO2 ECO 4. CO2 ECO is the best and only product for Nordic! SUMMARY

24. How CO2 can be applied to Cooling ?

25. Internal Intermediate Pressure Structure Internal intermediate pressure structure gives high reliability and light weight design. gives high reliability and light weight design. High Pressure Structure Intermediate Pressure Structure Intermediate Pressure Structure High Pressure Structure Pressure in Chamber [MPa] ONOFFON 100% 65% The fluctuation of Inner Pressure is below 25% compared with high Pressure Structure. Thickness ： 65% Weight of the vessel ： 50% △ F h △ F i Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

26. Lower Vibration & Noise 2-Stage Compression Mechanism by 2-Rolling Pistons can achieve high discharge pressure while suppressing both vibration and noise. 090180270360 100 0 Crankshaft Angle [deg] Torque Fluctuation -100 25 -25 Comparison of compression torque fluctuation 1-Stage Compression 2-Stage Compression Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

27. 1 st Stage MotorShell Low Pressure High Pressure Intermediate Pressure 2 nd Stage Inter Cooler Working for Cooling Applications. Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

28. AT ： 32 ℃ RH ： 65 ％ Animation Only belongs to Sanyo’s 2 stage compressor! Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

29. CO2 Compressor Conventional Rotary Compressor for AC Parts and materials used for CO2 compressor are almost same as those for conventional HFC or HCFC rotary compressor for AC. If the production quantity of CO2 compressors is closer to that of the conventional rotary compressors for AC, the incremental cost of CO2 compressor will ultimately become the difference of material usage. Motor Oil Cylinder Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

30. Co. A Swing-Rotary 20kg Co. B Scroll 18kg Co. C Scroll 15kg Sanyo 2-stage Rotary 9kg ▲146mm Same Heating Capacity, Half size. Smallest and Lightest Comparison of various CO 2 Compressors for 4.5kW ～ 6.0kW Feature of Sanyo CO 2 Compressor

32. 32 ＳＡＮＹＯ Ｎｅｗ ＶＩＳＩＯＮ 未来の子供たちに美しい地球を還そう Think GAIA