1. CO 2 monitoring and modelling across Greater London Lester Kwiatkowski

2. Site characteristics Urban roadside Urban background Rural background

3. Mean = 279.7µgm -3 Mean = 40.1µgm -3 Mean = 34.2µgm -3 Mean = 425.2ppm Mean = 419ppm Mean = 396.2ppm Explanatory factors Diurnal mixing depth cycles Anthropogenic emissions Heat island effects influencing diurnal mixing depth Biogenic signals? Any suggestions? BRUTAL model predictions…

4. Deciphering wind speed/direction relationships SP

5. Street canyon effects NOx enrichment due to easterly winds carrying an enriched “London signal” CO 2 signals difficult to interpret, higher CO 2 for directions with lower average wind speeds but other effects going on (European CO 2 signal)

6. Modelling approaches Road transport CO2 emissions run through BRUTAL can explain much of the difference between NK and MR but fails to account for the difference between SP and NK/MR Stratified modeling work in progress… (ApSimon & Oxley)

7. Thanks