1. Impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk fisheries and coral reefs Scott Doney & Sarah Cooley Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution center for Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) 2012

2. Ocean Acidification Doney et al. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2009 Dore et al. PNAS 2009 Observed trends -rising seawater CO 2 -declining pH & carbonate saturation

3. Marine Life Susceptible to Ocean Acidification -Reduced shell formation -Habitat loss -Less available prey New biological effects still being discovered

4. Social & Economic Impacts Cooley, Kite-Powell, and Doney Oceanography (2009) Cooley & Doney, Environmental Research Letters (2009) -Marine fisheries & aquaculture food supply jobs, livelihoods & trade -Coral reefs reef fisheries tourism shoreline protection -Globally, largest impacts may be on developing island and coastal nations

5. U.S. ex-vessel revenue; NOAA NMFS; Cooley & Doney ERL 2009

6. Net importers Net exporters Cooley, Lucey, Kite-Powell, & Doney, Fish & Fisheries, 2012 Vulnerability to Ocean Acidification Index Based on Mollusk Fisheries Protein insufficient Mollusks ≥ 1% of protein Both Least adaptable Most adaptable -Exposure chemistry change -Sensitivity mollusk fisheries seafood imports protein supply -Adaptive capacity per capita GNP

7. Modeling Coupled Natural-Human Systems Atlantic Sea Scallop Integrated Assessment Model Howarth figure Collaboration with J. Hare & D. Hart, NOAA/NMFS

8. South Florida Coral Reef Modeling Modeled Aragonite Saturation Aragonite Saturation Trend

9. -Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide causes well- understood changes in seawater chemistry -Acidification threatens coral reefs & shellfish -Human impacts through impaired fisheries, tourism & coastal protection -Adaptation strategies: Ocean monitoring networks Reduce other human stresses on ocean Scientist-stakeholder partnerships Coupled natural-human system models Special Thanks To: Alan Barton, William Cheung, Charlie Colgan, Richard Feely, Hauke Kite-Powell & Noelle Lucey Summary Points

10. In Gulf of Mexico CESM 1.0 20th Century transient run with prescribed CO2 and fully coupled climate

11. South Florida Field Observations Hofmann PLoS 2011 Coral Reefs Days Ongoing R/V Gordon Gunter Data Wanninkhof et al. NOAA/AOML http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/rvgunter_introduction.php

12. 2− [CO 3 ][CO 2 ]  100−150%  50% 2100 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 1800190020002100 50 40 30 20 10 0 300 240 180 120 60 0 pH μmol kg −1 Year pH CO 2(aq) CO 3 2−  30% acidity  16% [CO 3 ] 2000 2− Wolf-Gladrow et al. (1999) Ocean Acidification CO 2 + H 2 OH 2 CO 3 H + + CO 3 2- HCO 3 - H + + HCO 3 - CO 2 + CO 3 + H 2 O 2- 2HCO 3 - −− < > −−