1. 1CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth 31 March 2011 Sustainability: why and how? CIC Economic Forum Andrew Kluth Sustainable Engineering and Infrastructure in a Low Carbon World

2. 31 March 2011 2CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Blue Marble, AS17-148-22727 Apollo 17, 7 December 1972

3. 31 March 2011 3CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Images created by Adam Nieman Total world water 1,400 km Ø sphere = 1.4 billion cubic km Total air 2,000 km Ø sphere = 5,000,000 billion tons

4. 31 March 2011 4CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth The Laysan Albatross 4 Source: http://marineresearch.ca/hawaii/category/protected-species-and-longlines/http://marineresearch.ca/hawaii/category/protected-species-and-longlines/

5. 31 March 2011 5CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth 17/04/2015 © 2009 Chris Jordan, www.chrisjordan.com. Used with permissionwww.chrisjordan.com 5

6. 31 March 2011 6CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth What did we see? Cigarette lighter Bottle tops Comb and brush String Plastic sheet Shopping tag Plastic pipe Soap dispenser pump top 6

7. 31 March 2011 7CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Midway Atoll Source: NASA NLT Landsat7 Satellite Image of Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Island 7

8. 31 March 2011 8CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Where the atoll is Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthographic_projection_centred_over_midway.png#filehistoryhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orthographic_projection_centred_over_midway.png#filehistory Under GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 Midway Atoll 8 St Matthew Island

9. 31 March 2011 9CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth St Matthew Island 1944: 29 deer introduced to feed soldiers, perfect landscape 1957: No soldiers; 1,350 deer, all healthy, some damage to landscape 1963: 6,000 deer, not so healthy, badly damaged landscape 1966: 42 deer, all sick, destroyed landscape 1980s: no deer alive, landscape beginning to recover 9

10. 31 March 2011 10CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth St Matthew Island deer 10

11. 31 March 2011 11CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Water over-use <1,350km 2 ~25,000km 2 11

12. 31 March 2011 12CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Under-reporting impacts Estimated global CO 2 emissions: 30.2 billion tonnes in 2006 (not including changes in land use) 1 But uncertainty of 6–10% 1 Even more uncertainty with other gases, ranging from 100% 2 1 US Energy Department's Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis 2 US National Research Council Source: http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100505/full/465018a.html, published online 5 May 2010http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100505/full/465018a.html

13. 31 March 2011 13CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Climate change impacts 17/04/2015 13 Source: Stern, N. (2006). "Stern Review on The Economics of Climate Change”, archived at http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htmhttp://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm

14. 31 March 2011 14CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Sea level rise Source: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/global-sea-level-rise1, designed by Riccardo Pravettoni, UNEP/GRID-Arendalhttp://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/global-sea-level-rise1

15. 31 March 2011 15CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth World population 17/04/2015 15 Source: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/world_population_developmenthttp://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/world_population_development

16. 31 March 2011 16CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Food production changes, 2080 17/04/2015 16 Source: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/projected-agriculture-in-2080-due-to-climate-change1http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/projected-agriculture-in-2080-due-to-climate-change1

17. 31 March 2011 17CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Land leasing for food production 17/04/2015 17 Source: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/an-increasing-number-of-countries-are-leasing-land-abroad-to-sustain-and-secure-their-food-productiohttp://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/an-increasing-number-of-countries-are-leasing-land-abroad-to-sustain-and-secure-their-food-productio

18. 31 March 2011 18CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Prioritising important Drivers for change will be increasingly enforced and not adopted Climate change Resource availability and limitations Population growth Global carrying capacity: food, water, health Flexibility for ‘pure’ engineering solutions will be limited Increasing uncertainty of outcomes Increasing need for political contexts Room for manoeuvre will be constrained Integrated design Long term planning Life cycle decisions Multi-purpose widgets

19. 31 March 2011 19CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth What matters… Considering society’s numerous sustainable development challenges, please rate the urgency of each of the following… Source: SustainAbility/ Globescan Sustainability Survey 2010, published June 2010. Used with permission

20. 31 March 2011 20CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth ChallengeResponse Water and climate change top the list of challengesTake a systems approach to sustainability Water and energy-related issues will predominate in 2015 Understand the impacts of water and energy on your company Climate change is real, and competitive Debate “how” not “if”, and treat climate as a competitive issue Social entrepreneurs and NGOs have credibility that others lack Pursue partnerships Despite urgency, sustainability performance is poor across sectors Develop robust strategies The leadership bar continues to be raisedTo differentiate, work across the entire value chain Sustainability in branding is on the rise, and hard to get right Recognize that performance matters most Transformational leadership is uncommon, but examples exist Define what transformation means to your company …and possible responses Source: SustainAbility/ Globescan Sustainability Survey 2010, published June 2010. Used with permission

21. 31 March 2011 21CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth 2000 E21C Inquiry – progress?

22. 31 March 2011 22CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Stakeholders as enablers and barriers Source: Defining Next Generation Sustainability, workshop report #1, consultancy (2010), Lancaster University/ Halcrow joint publication Pro-active Engineer Rule-breakers, contesting solutions, alternative views, thinking beyond normal ideas Client as Gatekeeper Definer of project cultural expectations, championing innovation in change, defining broad-based performance indicators for sustainability, setting high long-term expectations Enabling Project Manager Encouraging cross-disciplinary working for sustainability and skilling- up existing staff

23. 23CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth 31 March 2011 Applied performance management Some examples, some ideas, a growing practice

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27. 31 March 2011 27CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Carbon Savings from AWS Energy Efficiency Initiative: Electrical Savings only Financial YearTonne CO2 Confirmed06/072,849 Confirmed07/087,066 Confirmed08/094,010 So far09/101,523 Further Estimated Savings 09/101,839 Anglian Water Services Energy Efficiency Initiative Target Savings for AWS Energy Efficiency Initiative 06/0707/0808/09 Saved £m4.13.51.9 Cumulative total £m 4.17.69.5 % of £10 m41%76%95% Equipment replacement management Performance report design & presentation Procurement advice Water management systems technical expertise Internal communications development Engineering & process risk analysis & management Accounting systems analysis Audit scheme development Telemetry & energy management systems Data analysis HH meter validation Source: AWS Energy Programme, 2007-2010

28. 31 March 2011 28CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Building costs and carbon – true performance Source: SWRDA Sustainable Offices study, July 2009

29. 31 March 2011 29CIC Economic Forum - Andrew Kluth Scenario: Objective - 50% reduction in CO2 emissions from 1990 Behavioural focus; more active lifestyles Interventions quantified in terms of impact Transport Carbon Modelling & Simulation