1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Dependent Reactions (Light Reactions)
Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reactions)

2. PHOTOSYSTEM 2 SUN CHLOROPLAST STROMA THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID SPACE
CHLOROPHYLL
WATER SPLITTING ENZYME
2--H2O MOLECULES
ATP SYNTHASE e- e-
H2O
H2O
PHOTOSYSTEM 2
ELECTRON ACCEPTOR ETC (PROTON PUMP)

3. Photosystem 2
Sunlight hits the Chlorophyll in the Thylakoid exciting the electrons
Excited electrons go to the electron acceptor where they will eventually go through the Electron Transport Chain
At the same time, with the help of a water splitting enzyme, 2 water molecules are split into 4 H+, 4e- & O2 in a process called Photolysis

4. PHOTOSYSTEM 2 (PRODUCTS FROM)
SUN
CHLOROPLAST
STROMA
THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID SPACE
CHLOROPHYLL
4 H+ & 4e- & O2 H+ H+
ADP + Pi
ATP H+
ATP SYNTHASE e- e- e- e-
PROTON PUMP H+ H+ H+ H+ O2 H+ H+
CHEMIOSMOSIS
PHOTOLYSIS
ELECTRON ACCEPTOR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH H+ IS CREATED

5. Photosytem 2 (ATP & Oxygen are created)
Electrons that have gone to the electron acceptor now pass through the Electron Transport Chain which uses the energy gained to pump H+ from the Stroma to the Thylakoid creating a Concentration Gradient
e- created by Photolysis replace e- in the chlorophyll lost to the Electron Transport Chain
The Concentration Gradient created by the Proton Pump creates an environment where the H+ pass back through the Thylakoid Membrane through the only pathway available, ATP Synthase

6. Photosytem 2 (ATP & Oxygen are created)
Energy created by the passing of the H+ through the ATP Synthase Phosphorylate ADP & Pi into ATP which is the product produced for Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reaction) that will occur in the Stroma
This process is known as Chemiosmosis:
e- goes through the Electron Transport Chain providing energy to pump H+ from the Stroma to the Thylakoid
This Creates a concentration Gradient
The only path for the H+ to balance is by going through ATP Synthase
As the H+ pass through ATP Synthase to get back to the Stroma, ATP is Phosphorylated thus creating ATP in the Stroma for use in the dark reactions (Light Independent Reactions)

7. ATP is Created for use in Dark Reactions
ATP is created in Photosystem 2 for later use in the Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reactions)
Oxygen is also created during Photolysis (the splitting of water into H+, e- & O2)
Oxygen is vital for survival in Cellular Respiration but not needed in Photosynthesis
The only compound created by Photosystem 2 that is needed in Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reactions) is ATP

8. PHOTOSYSTEM 1 SUN PHOTOSYSTEM 1 CHLOROPLAST STROMA THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID SPACE
CHLOROPHYLL
4 H+ & 4e- & O2 H+ H+
ADP + Pi
ATP H+ e- e-
ATP SYNTHASE e- e- e- e- e-
NADP REDUCTASE
PROTON PUMP
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+
ELECTRON
ACCEPTOR H+ H+ H+ O2 H+ H+
CHEMIOSMOSIS
PHOTOSYSTEM 1
PHOTOLYSIS
ELECTRON ACCEPTOR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH H+ IS CREATED

9. Photosystem 1
Sunlight hits the Chlorophyll in the Thylakoid of Photosystem 1 exciting the electrons
Excited electrons go to the electron acceptor where they will eventually go through the Electron Transport Chain NADP Reductase

10. PHOTOSYSTEM 1 (PRODUCT FROM)
SUN
CHLOROPLAST
STROMA
THYLAKOID MEMBRANE
THYLAKOID SPACE
CHLOROPHYLL
4 H+ & 4e- & O2 H+
NADPH H+
ADP + Pi
ATP
NADP+ H+ e- e- e- e- H+
ATP SYNTHASE e- e- e- e- e- e- e-
NADP REDUCTASE
PROTON PUMP
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+
ELECTRON
ACCEPTOR H+ H+ O2 H+ H+ H+
CHEMIOSMOSIS
PHOTOSYSTEM 1
PHOTOLYSIS
ELECTRON ACCEPTOR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT WITH H+ IS CREATED

11. Photosystem 1 produces NADPH
The excited e- pass through NADP Reductase and combine with NADP+ & H+ in the Stroma to form NADPH
NADPH is the second compound created by Photosynthesis that is using in the Light Independent Reactions (Dark Reactions)
The NADPH is created in the Stroma where the Light Independent Reactions Occur

12. Photosystem 1 e- supplied by Photosystem 2
e- are supplied by electrons that went through the Electron Transport Chain that pumped H+ into the Thylakoid in Photosystem 2
These e- replace e- that are excited by Sunlight hitting the Chlorophyll in Photosystem 1

13. In Summary
Sunlight excites the electrons in the chlorophyll of Photosystems 2 & 1
Photolysis in Photosystem 2 splits water into O2 , H+ & e-
The e- produced by Photolysis replace e- excited and moved to the electron acceptors in Photosystem 2 &1

14. H+ pumped from Stroma to Thylakoid
Electrons excited and in the electron acceptor go through the Electron Transport Chain creating energy to pump H+ from the Stroma to the Thylakoid
This creates a Gradient
The only pathway for the H+ to get back to the Stroma is through ATP Synthase
During the process of H+ passing through the ATP Synthase, ATP is Phosphorylated from ADP & Pi in the Stroma

15. NADPH is Created from Photosystem 1
e- excited by sunlight in Photosystem 1 move to the electron acceptor and pass through the Electron Transport Chain NADP Reductase
Though NADP Reductase, these e- combine with NADP+ & H+ in the Stroma to form NADPH
NADPH and ATP are the compounds created in Photosynthesis that are needed in the Independent Light Reactions (Dark Reactions)
Oxygen is also created, which is vital for our planet, it is not used in the Light Independent Reactions

16. Light Absorption Spectrum/Light Action Spectrum
-What color is most absorbed?
-What color is second most absorbed?
-What colors are least absorbed?
-What confirms that this color is least absorbed when we look at the color of leaves?

17. Light Absorption of pigments in leaves
Chlorophyll a and b as well as Carotenoid absorb blue light the most
Chlorophyll a and b absorb red light the second most
Leaves absorb Blue and Red light the most
Green light is not absorbed therefore is reflected
This is why leaves appear green

18. Light Action of Pigments in leaves
What colors have the most action of colors absorbed by leaves?
What colors have the least action of colors absorbed by leaves?
How does this correlate with the absorption of light by leaves?

19. Leaf Cross Section -Where does most photosynthesis occur?
-Why does this area have the most photosynthesis occur here?

20. Parts of a Chloroplast

21. What goes on in the chloroplast
STROMA
THYLAKOID

22. Cyclic Photosynthesis (Prokaryotes)

23. Cyclic Photosynthesis (Prokaryotes)

24. Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Cell Resp
Effect on Cellular Respiration
Without oxygen to accept electrons from the mitochondrial electron transport chains, aerobic respiration cannot occur.
As a result, brain cells must rely on glycolysis alone to produce ATP.
Glycolysis is much less efficient than aerobic respiration, and the cells cannot make enough ATP to meet their needs.

25. Title and Content Layout with Chart

26. Two Content Layout with Table
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Group 1
Group 2
Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90

27. Title and Content Layout with SmartArt
Task description
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