1. Quick Review: 1. What loses electrons in the photosystems? 2. What molecule is broken apart to replace those lost electrons? 3. What is the point of the Calvin Cycle? 4. Name the 5-carbon carbohydrate of the Calvin Cycle and its enzyme? 5. Name 1 problem with regular (C3) photosynthesis.

2. Figure 7.5 Light CO 2 H2OH2O Chloroplast LIGHT REACTIONS (in thylakoids) CALVIN CYCLE (in stroma) NADP + ADP +P ATP NADPH OSugar Electrons

3. CO 2 H2OH2O Glucose O2O2 ATP ECOSYSTEM Sunlight energy Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Cellular respiration in mitochondria (for cellular work) Heat energy   Figure 6.1

4. Why know respiration? ATP from respiration used: –Makes muscle cells contract –Makes chemical reactions happen

5. Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria, later engulfed and kept in the eukaryotic ancestor –All living cells have mitochondria! Ancient mitochondrion Nucleus Eukar yotic cell Organelles Colorized TEM 15,000  Figure 4.3A

6. Figure 4.15 Mitochondrion Outer membrane Intermembrane space Matrix Inner membrane Cristae TEM 44,880  Mitochondria have their own bacterial DNA (single loop)

7. Breathing provides for the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between an organism and its environment CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 Bloodstream Muscle cells carrying out Cellular Respiration Breathing Glucose  O 2 CO 2  H 2 O  ATP Lungs Figure 6.2

8. Cellular Respiration From the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis From the light reactions of photosynthesis

10. Respiration—2 types Aerobic respiration (O2 present): Sugars + O2  ATP + CO2 (waste) + water Anaerobic respiration  no O2 present: Sugars  alcohol (ethanol); yeast (fungus) does this; OR Sugars  lactic acid; animals do this

12. Aerobic respiration steps: Glycolysis (glyco=sugar, lysis=break up): glucose (6C sugar)+ ATP  2 3-Carbon pyruvates each pyruvate enters mitochondrion

14. Aerobic respiration steps: 1. Glycolysis 2. Attach acetyl-CoA (enzyme) 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport 5. ATP made!

15. Phases of Cell Respiration

17. Glycolysis

18. Formation of Acetyl CoA

20. Electron Transport Chain

21. Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA H+H+ ETS Krebs Cycle H+ ADP+Pi ATP Mitochondrio n H+ e- -

23. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis) Food, such as peanuts Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Amino acids Amino groups GlucoseG3P Pyruvate Acetyl CoA CITRIC ACID CYCLE ATP GLYCOLYSIS Figure 6.14

24. ATP needed to drive biosynthesis ATP CITRIC ACID CYCLE GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS Acetyl CoA Pyruvate G3P Glucose Amino groups Amino acids Fatty acids Glycerol Sugars CarbohydratesFatsProteins Cells, tissues, organisms

25. Metabolism illustration http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_essentials_3/etutors/etutors.htm?cc5re spirationmedia.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_campbell_essentials_3/etutors/etutors.htm?cc5re spiration