1. Mechanics of ventilation How the lung is supported and moved

3. Pneumothorax of right lung

4. Rotation axis ribs

5. Static recoil Interpleural pressure Air flow inspexsp Interpleural pressure Tidal volume

8. P=T/r ↑r ↓T P = P ↓CL↓CL Dipalmitol fosfatidil cholin + protein

10. Alveoli are larger at the apex (upper panel) than base (lower)

12. ∆V ∆P C = ∆V / ∆P

13. ∆P ∆V. R=∆P / ∆V.

14. Number of airways increases rapidly with generation

16. Mechanism of dynamic compression

17. Work done on the lung during breathing

19. Transport of gas from alveoli to blood

20. Gas Membrane blood 0.5 μm

21. Very thin blood-gas barrier

22. Limitation by perfusion Limitation by diffusion

24. Respiration at the limit: surviving on the summit of Mt Everest

25. Highest altitudes attained in the last century

26. Maximum oxygen uptake at increasing altitudes

27. Climbers Ranked by their Hypoxic Ventilatory Response

28. Alveolar Pco 2 at Extreme Altitudes

29. Pulmonary Gas Exchange on the Everest Summit

30. O 2 Dissociation Curves in High-Altitude Mammals

31. Decrease of barometric pressure with altitude

32. Climber on the Everest Summit

33. Polycythemia at 4600 m altitude Hemoglobin concentration 19.8 g/dl Arterial PO 2 45 mm Hg O 2 saturation 81% O 2 concentration 22.4 ml/dl

34. D LO2 = V O2 / P AO2 P c O2 D LCO = V CO / P ACO Time of blood flow through pulmonary capillary