1. Exercise Science
Exercise Physiology

2. Exercise Physiology
Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how these responses can be manipulated and trained to elicit desired results and benefits

3. Exercise Physiology Exercise Principles Consistency - (most important)
Progression
Overload
Specificity
Reversibility

4. Components of Health Related Fitness
Exercise Physiology
Components of Health Related Fitness
Cardiorespiratory

5. Exercise Physiology
Muscular Strength

6. Exercise Physiology
Muscular Endurance (conditioning)

7. Exercise Physiology
Flexibility

8. Exercise Physiology
Body Composition

9. Exercise Physiology
Balance

10. Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Exercise Physiology
Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Components of Cardiorespiratory System:
Heart
Lungs
Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Blood
Cardiac Cycle:
Systole
Diastole

11. Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Exercise Physiology
Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System
Vocabulary
Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR)
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output (SV x HR = CO)
Ejection Fraction
Ischemia
Angina Pectoris (heart)
Myocardial Infarction (heart)
Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) …Stroke…

12. Exercise Physiology General Training Effects (CV) Metabolism
VO2max – Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2
Lungs – External, Internal & Cellular respiration
Heart – SV, HR, CO, EF
Metabolism
Anaerobic Metabolism – the productions of energy within the body in the absence of O2
Aerobic Metabolism – the production of energy within the body in the presence of O2

13. Exercise Physiology Fuel Sources Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized
Glycogen – stored form of glucose
Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense
Protein (4Kcals/g)

14. Exercise Physiology Anaerobic Metabolism (-O2) Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid (waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
+O2
Energy
(2 ATP)

15. Aerobic Metabolism Anaerobic Metabolism +O2 -O2 Inside Mitochondria
Outside Mitochondria
Lactic Acid
(waste)
Anaerobic Enzymes
-O2
+O2
(waste)
Energy
(2 ATP)
ENERGY
(36 ATP)
Beta Oxidation
(Fat Metabolism)

16. Exercise Physiology
Mechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System due to Aerobic Activity
Increase Lung Function
Increase ability of external respiration
Increase ability of internal respiration
Increase ability of cellular respiration
Increase Cardiac Efficiency
Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload
Increase Stroke Volume
Increase Ejection Fraction
Increase Cardiac Output
Increase Capillarization
Increase VO2 Max

17. Exercise Physiology
Physiological Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System due to Aerobic Activity
Increase ability of cellular respiration
Increase quantity of Anaerobic & Aerobic enzymes
Increase glycogen storage
Increase accessibility to glucose
Increase fat utilization
Decrease the production rate of lactic acid
Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic threshold)
Increase Mitochondria density (# & Size)
Increase VO2 Max

18. Exercise Physiology Metabolic Equivalent – 3.5ml/kg/min
F. I. T. T. Principle
Frequency
Intensity
Type
Time

19. Cardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items…
Exercise Physiology
Cardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items…
Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity
Effects of Environment
Altitude
Heat
Cold

20. Skeletal Muscle Anatomy & Physiology
Exercise Physiology
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy & Physiology

21. Necessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Exercise Physiology
Necessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Nervous Impulse
Energy (ATP)
O2 (if sustained)

22. Sliding Filament Theory
Exercise Physiology
Sliding Filament Theory

23. Sliding Filament Theory Cont…
Exercise Physiology
Sliding Filament Theory Cont…

24. Exercise Physiology Muscle Contraction – ALL or NOTHING
Force Generation of Muscular Contraction
Muscle Size
# of Contracting Fibers
Motor Unit Recruitment
Length Tension Relationship
Isometric Contraction
Isotonic
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic

25. Exercise Physiology Muscle Fiber Type
Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative Fibers)
Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic Fibers)
Fiber Distribution – Genetic? Or Trainable?
Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy – increase in muscle fiber size
Hyperplasia – increase in # of muscle fibers

26. Mechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training
Exercise Physiology
Mechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training
Increase Cross-sectional area
Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle & Connective Tissue
Increase Motor Unit recruitment
Decrease Nervous Inhibition
Increase Neural Control
Decrease Repair Time

27. Physiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training
Exercise Physiology
Physiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training
Increased Actin & Myosin
Increased # of Cross-Bridges
Decrease Nervous Inhibition
Increased Anaerobic Enzymes
Increased Mitochondrial Density (# & size)
Increased Anaerobic Threshold

28. Exercise Physiology Golgi Tendon Organ
Sensor – Prevents too much force production

29. Exercise Physiology
Musculotendonis Unit

30. Exercise Physiology Muscle Sorness Immediate Onset
Delayed Muscle Soreness