SBCT ISR Doctrinal Operations & Organization

SBCT ISR Doctrinal Operations & Organization

Conditions: Given a classroom delivered lecture
Action: ID the roles and responsibilities of the Major Intelligence Sections in the SBCT. Conditions: Given a classroom delivered lecture Standards: Successfully Understand the section roles and tasks necessary to provide the enemy red picture into the COP

Paradigm Shift OLD Paradigm NEW Paradigm
“Movement to contact, make contact, develop the situation (in contact), maneuver (in contact) to a point in time and space of advantage, conduct counterattack . . .” OLD Paradigm “Understand the situation, maneuver the force to a point and time of our choosing, make contact with the adversary . . .” NEW Paradigm

How Does the CDR Understand The Situation?
That’s Our Job As Intelligence Professionals

Battlefield Configuration (SSC)
IN II IN IN II IN B

BDE & BN S2 Shops The S2 at all levels provides Situational Awareness of the threat, terrain, and weather to the commander and staff. The S2 assists the commander in synchronizing intelligence with the ISR integration effort. (If you don’t do your job; your boss will) Intelligence capabilities available to the unit + S2s understanding of the threat = intelligence products & recommendations to the commander. Over 200 MI positions = tremendous capability) The S2 also exercises staff responsibility for intelligence training. Digital systems training and functions training are both important

BDE No Dedicated Ops Officer or Planner but plenty of Ops and planning to do Key is to organize S2 staff and use the ISR Analysis and ISR Integration Platoons to help meet mission requirements The staff is responsible for producing intelligence that depicts the current threat situation and predicts future threat objectives, capabilities, and COAs. Synchronization and collaboration is mandatory in order to plan, prepare, execute, and assess brigade’s ISR operations

BDE Intelligence Staff
- Translates Cdr’s intent, concept of ops, and PIR into Intel guidance - Supervises and directs all MI ops - Focuses and integrates ISR planning Provides Cdr and staff with assessment of threat capability and intentions S2 Operations - Maintains threat portion of the current sit overlay and Intel portion of the BCT’s COP - Collaborates with subordinate S2s on Intel products Controls dissemination of Intel to higher - Pulls higher current situation overlays - Collaborates and integrates with Bde ISR analysis and Bde S2 - Loads relevant overlays - Displays predictive analysis Maintains enemy situation overlay S2 Plans Orchestrates IPB in support of MDMP Collaborates with subordinate S2s on Intel products Develops and Wargames Threat COAs Integrates ISR planning into MDMP Monitors synchronization of ISR assets with requirements Bde CP - S2 1 x 35D O Bde S2 1 x 35D O Assistant S2 1 x 350B W2 Sr Analyst 1 x 11B E8 1 x 96B E Analyst 1 x 96B E Analyst 2 x 96B E Analyst 2 x 96B E Analyst 1 x 71L E4 RWS RWS TAC CP 1 x 35D O3 Battle CPT 1 x 96B E6 Analyst Not sure if we want to discuss this one… Thoughts? ASAS-L

S2 SENIOR INTELLIGENCE OFFICER
The S2 ensures the brigade’s complex ISR operations satisfy the CCIR, specifically the commander’s PIR, and those of his subordinates. The S2, together with the S3, helps the commander coordinate, integrate, and supervise the execution of ISR plans and operations. The S2 is also responsible for providing immediate intelligence support to subordinate unit commanders. The S2 advises the commander on the capabilities of organic ISR assets, EAB intelligence collection capabilities, and the intelligence architecture The S2 assists the commander on focusing and integrating these assets and resources to satisfy the intelligence requirements of the brigade.

BDE Intelligence Staff
General Observations ISR management in MI Company Robust collection capability is plans/synchronization intensive Close integration between MI Company and S2 OPS/Plans Critical Close integration between S2X into ISR plan Close integration between S2X and analysis platoon within MI Company Limited SASO digital graphics & analysis capability in ABCS Limited bandwidth between BDE and BN TOCs Not sure if we want to discuss this one… Thoughts?

Specific S2 Responsibilities
Provide situation development, Target development and support to targeting, and I&W, Support to BDA, support to Force Protection. Assessments of threat capabilities, intentions, and COAs as they relate to the brigade and its mission. Identify gaps in intelligence and advise the commander on developing collection strategies. Disseminate intelligence products throughout the brigade. Answer RFIs from subordinate commanders, staffs, and higher and adjacent units. Coordinate the brigade’s intelligence requirements with EABs.

S2 Operations The S2 operations team is responsible for threat situation development and presentation. The S2 operations team focuses on the threat activity and environment within the brigade’s AO and AOI that affect the current operation. The S2 operations team uses automated tools to continuously integrate information and intelligence products from subordinate battalion S2s and supporting ISR organizations to update the threat situation. This situation assessment forms the threat portion of the brigade COP. The S2 operations team assists the S2 in tracking threat COAs and alerting the commander to changes to predicted threat COAs, capabilities, or intentions. Where does this information come from?

Ops Team Responsibilities
Develop the current threat situation graphic. Present the current threat situation and projected threat COAs. Assist in identifying opportunities for friendly branches and sequels by monitoring the current threat situation and identifying when the planning assumptions for the threat begin to diverge from the predicted COA.

Ops Team Responsibilities
Manage ISR operations within the brigade’s AOIR.

Ops Team Responsibility
RED COP HIGHER ASAS BDE S2 JCDB EDC ASAS MI CO JCDB EDC EDC EDC EDC S303 EOBSREP EDC JCDB ASAS CAV ASAS IN BN ASAS IN BN JCDB ASAS BN IN JCDB JCDB S= 3 A=MV North L=EN123456 U=UI T=071200Z E=BMP K04.1 FBCB2 Maintain the intelligence portion of the brigade’s COP. Support the distributed and collaborative production of the EAB G2 Control the dissemination of intelligence products from the brigade

S2 Plans The S2 plans team is responsible for threat COA development and wargaming. The S2 plans team Works with the S3 planner and other staff elements to plan for future operations using the MDMP. What Support Comes From the MI Company?

Appreciation of historical data
S2 Plans WARGAMING = ART + SCIENCE Intuition Experience COMMANDER ART Wargaming is still, however, a logical, step by step, analytical process. Appreciation of historical data Technical foundation STAFF SCIENCE Refines and presents threat COAs, as part of an integrated staff effort, during mission analysis, COA development, and wargaming.

S2 Plans Works with the S3 planner to coordinate w RSTA Squadron for incorporation of RSTA ISR planning into the brigade’s overall ISR effort. Writes the Intelligence Annex (B) and the intelligence portions of the brigade OPORD. Coordinates with the MI Company for the development and publication of the intelligence estimate, collection matrix, and IEW synchronization matrix. Coordinates with the S2 operations team to ensure future COAs are reflected in the current situation. Wargames threat COAs against friendly COAs during staff planning and decision-making. Assists the brigade’s fires and effects coordination cell (FECC) by identifying threat HVTs and recommending potential HPTs for both lethal and non-lethal attack (to include offensive IO).

S2X The S2X is the principal advisor to the commander for all matters concerning the conduct of HUMINT and CI activities. The S2X provides oversight and technical support for all HUMINT and CI activities. He assists the brigade in developing the HUMINT and CI collection requirements. The S2X team consists of the S2X Officer, the HUMINT Operations Cell (HOC), and the Counterintelligence Coordinating Authority (CICA).

S2X The S2X team provides the expertise for the conduct of HUMINT and CI operations in the brigade’s AOIR. While the Cavalry Squadron (RSTA) and MI Company are responsible for tactical HUMINT collection and CI support within the brigade, the S2X team provides collection focus, technical support, and technical guidance. The S2X team Supports RM through developing HUMINT and CI specific IRs from the commander’s PIRs. Deconflicts and synchronizes all HUMINT and CI activities in the brigade’s AOI. (Lessons Learned: 3/2 had 10 additional THTs in its AOR) Assists the brigade and squadron commander in developing HUMINT and CI specific orders or requests (SORs) based on the integrated ISR plan.

S2X Coordinates technical support as needed for the HUMINT and CI assets in the brigade’s AOI . Conducts analysis of HUMINT and CI reporting and provides input to the ISR Analysis Platoon. Oversees the source registry for the AOIR. Manages the Intelligence Contingency Fund (ICF) and source incentive program. Acts as system administrator for CI and HUMINT specific automation systems to ensure connectivity with higher and adjacent HUMINT and CI entities.

BN Intelligence Staffs
IN BN S2 Section x 3 1 x 35D O3 S2 1 x 35D O2 Ast S2 1 x 96B E7 SR Analyst 1 x 96B E6 SR Analyst 1 x 96B E5 Analyst 1 x 96B E4 Analyst 1 x 96B E3 Analyst Situational Awareness/ Situational Development/ ASAS-L - Pulls higher current situation overlays - Collaborates and integrates with Analysis Platoon and Bde S2 - Loads relevant overlays - Executes continuous IPB - Maintains enemy situation overlay - Forwards sensor/unit reports to Bde S2 ASAS-L ASAS-L Artillery Bn S2 1 x 35D O3 S2 1 x 13Z E8 NCOIC 1 x 96B E6 Analyst 1 x 96B E4 Analyst/ Dvr General Observations More robust capability to produce tailored products No change to organic collection capability Greater capability to establish a TAC Limited hard copy graphic reproduction capability Challenges to provide digital graphic overlays remain No SATCOM Limited multi-faction SSC digital support Challenges remain with reaching full potential with ASAS (L) in ABCS ASAS-L Not sure if we want to discuss this one… Thoughts? BSB S2 1 x 35D O3 Bn S2/S3 1 x 92A E8 1 x 54B E6 1 x 96B E5 Analyst 1 x 96B E4 Analyst/ Dvr 1 x 54B E4 ASAS-L

Get To Know Your Equipment
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COMPANY MISSION ON ORDER, THE ____ MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COMPANY DEPLOYS TO CONDUCT INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE ANALYSIS, INTEGRATION AND TACTICAL HUMINT INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION IN SUPPORT OF THE BRIGADE AND ITS SUBORDINATE COMMANDS ACROSS THE FULL RANGE OF MILITARY OPERATIONS Company Touchstones: Deployable anywhere in the world within 96 hours Receive raw data and reports and through analysis produce a clear understandable intelligence product Responsive to brigade and subordinate unit intelligence requirements Capable of intelligence support to more than one battalion level mission

Military Intelligence Company
Battle Captain MI 73 (6/6/58 MI MOS) SWO 2 O3 (AF) E5/6 (AF) CO HQ ISR Integration CM/Platoon Leader Para 1 3 23 Para 10 1 x 35D O-3 1 x 97E E8 1 x 92Y E5 1 x 35D O-2 1 x 96B E7 Para 3 2 Assistant S2X ISR Requirements S2X CGS Para 4 10 Para 5 5 Para 6 6 1 x 35D O-2 1 x 98C E6 1 x 96B E5 2 x 96B E4 2 x 96B E3 1 x 98C E5 1 x 98C E4 1 x 98C E3 1 x 35F O4 1 x 351B W2 1 x 351E W2 1 x 97B E4 1 x 97E E5 1 x 96H E6 1 x 96H E5 2 x 96H E4 2 x 96H E3 Executive Officer/CM TAC HUMINT 24 1 x 35D O-3 1 x 97E E7 Para 7 2 ISR Analysis Para 2 21 1 x 35D O-2 2 x 350B W2 1 x 96B E7 1 x 96B E6 3 x 96B E5 6 x 96B E4 5 x 96B E3 1 x 96D E5 1 x 96D E4 Para 8 OMT 6 Para 9 TAC HUMINT * 16 1 x 351B W2 1 x 351E W2 2 x 97B E4 2 x 97E E5 BDE Special Staff Officer 4 x 97E E6 4 x 97E E5 4 x 97B E5 4 x 97E E4 * Linguist augmentation upon deployment: 12 x 97E, 4 x 97B HHC Brigade

MI CO ON THE BATTLEFIELD
X TOC MI TAC HUMINT Operates GS to BDE, likely moving through/ operating in BN AOs. Mission dependent, OMT and teams could be DS, supporting BNs. MI I CP MI ANALYSIS MI INTEGRATION

MICO RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BRIGADE S2
The Analysis and Integration Platoons support the brigade S2 through combined effort, under the supervision of the MI Company commander. Initially Produce s documents the S2 “normally” produced Intimately involved in the Brigade Planning Process Responsive to Requests for Information from the S2

MICO RESPONSIBILITY IN MISSION PLANNING
Majority of the MICOs operations are conducted prior to execution of the brigade mission. Must optimize use of warning orders, situation updates, parallel and anticipatory planning. Stresses standardized training across the I-BOS within the brigade (S2s) Standard language, symbols and SOPs are adopted HUMINT Operations must start early in the mission cycle

FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Task organize the ISR Integration and ISR Analysis platoons to provide continuous support to the brigade staff Keep the company’s HUMINT assets fully engaged in the operation; never holding them in reserve Retain the flexibility to reallocate and reposition the company assets in response to changes in the brigade’s mission Provide control teams as necessary to assist the command and control of DS HUMINT teams

ADDITIONAL KEY TASKS Team play between Integration/Analysis and TAC HUMINT Platoons (compared to the relation between old GSS Platoon and ACT) Reach Operations to ARFOR, theater, joint and national assets, to retrieve and manipulate intelligence databases and products. (Yes; National) Database Management Digital and Analog products that support MDMP and IPB Ability to support two or more separate missions

MI Company CTTL CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Deploy & Redeploy
2. Protect the Force 3. Provide Intelligence Support 4. Develop Intelligence 5. Command & Control the Company 1a. Prepare Systems for Deployment 1b. Conduct Non-Tactical Road Marches 1c. Perform Deployment Alert Activities 1d. Family home station support 2a. Establish and Defend a Company Defensive Position 2b. Conduct Tactical Convoy 2c. Conduct Tactical HUMINT Operations 2d. Maintain Operation Secutity 3a. Conduct CGS Mission Activities 3b. Produce an ISR Plan 3c. Disseminate & Present Intelligence 3d. Conduct Tactical HUMINT Operations 3e. Produce Intelligence Products 3f. Disseminate Combat Information and Intelligence 3g. Perform Database Management 4a. Execute Tactical HUMINT Operations 4b. Conduct Reach Operations 4c. Determine and Provide the Red & Gray Portion of the COP 4d. Integrate Theater and National Intelligence Feeds,Terrain and Weather Support Products into the COP 4e. Perform Imagery Analysis 5a. Manage the IEW Architecture 5b. Plan & Produce Company Orders 5c. Sustain the Force

Analysis Products MI MI MI MI MI MI 1/184 1/184 1/184 DISP DEV TGT DEV
PLANS SITMAP Battle Tracking Intel Verification Event Template BDA Analysis Identify HVT Sensor-Shooter Pattern Analysis COA Development Order of Battle Intelligence Estimate Road to War 1/184 1/184 1/184 MI MI MI SIT DEV IMAGERY DBM Imagery Interpretation Imagery Products UAV snapshots CGS Integration Higher Imagery Support Database Threat Information Correct format/input errors Export database to JCDB Graphic INTSUMS Doctrinal Templates Enemy SITTEMP COA analysis/verification

ANALYSIS PLATOON MI Produce Intelligence to Answer PIR
Build/Maintain the Common Operating Picture (COP) Provide MDMP Support Conduct Database Operations MI 1/2/17 ANALYSIS MI Platoon Headquarters 1 x 02 35D/1 x 96B40 MI Database Management Team G MI Disposition Development Team 1 x ACT-E Vehicle 4 x ASAS-L 2 x VRC-92 2 x Operations Tent 2 x 10KW Generator 2 x 30KW Generator G MI Situation Development Team G Target Development/BDA Team MI G Plans Team MI MI Imagery Analysis Team

ISR Analysis Platoon CTTL
SitDev Tm Disp Dev Tm TGT Dev Tm Plans Tm Imagery Tm DB Mgt Tm ISR Analysis Platoon CTTL (Modified) 1a. Evaluate Combat Information 1b. Analyze Combat Information 1c. Synthesize Information to Answer PIR supporting Situation Development, I&W, and Force Protection, Targeting, BDA, and IPB. 1d. Fuse Intelligence from higher to support intelligence production. 1e. Research Intelligence Databases 2a. Determine and Provide the Red & Gray Portion of the COP 2b. Integrate Joint, Theater, and National Intelligence Feeds into the COP 2c. Integrate Terrain and Weather Support Products into the COP 3a. Perform Intelligence Database Management 3b. Support Battle Planning (MDMP) 3c. Support Battle Decision Making 4a. Manage the IEW Architecture, be Prepared to Conduct Split Based Operations 4b. Plan & Produce Platoon Orders 4c. Sustain the Force 5a. Alert 5b. Marshal 5c. Deploy 5d. Home Station Support CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Produce Intelligence to Answer PIR 2. Apply Intelligence to Build/Maintain the Common Relevant Operating Picture 3. Disseminate Intelligence to the Brigade S2 4. Command & Control the Platoon 5. Prepare to Deploy MI Co

Disposition Development Team
ISR Analysis Platoon Disposition Development Team (Modified) 1a. Assess Incoming Information in Accordance with Indicators 1b. Evaluate Predictive Intelligence Products 1c. Determine Gaps, Lack of Holdings, and Discrepancies 1d. Verify Predicted Enemy COA 2a. Compare Incoming Information with Current Intelligence Picture 2b. Research Intelligence Databases 3a. Perform Intelligence Fusion 3b. Develop doctrinal threat products. 3c. Develop and Maintain SITMAP 4a. Resubmit unanswerable RFI to integration 4b. Answer RFI from subordinate battalions 5a. Plan & Produce Section Orders 5b. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS BATTLE TASKS 1. Evaluate Combat Information 2. Analyze Combat Information 3. Synthesize Intelligence to Answer PIR supporting Situational Development, IEW and Force Protection 4. Answer RFI from Produced Analysis 5. Command & Control the Section

Situation Development Team
ISR Analysis Platoon Situation Development Team (Modified) 1a. Assess Incoming Intelligence in Accordance with Indicators 1b. Evaluate and Produce Predictive Intelligence Products 1c. Determine Information Gaps, Lack of Holdings, and Discrepancies 1d. Coordinate with Regional Experts 1e. Verify Predicted Enemy COA 2a. Compare Incoming Information with Current Intelligence Products 2b. Confirm Existing SITTEMP 3a. Develop and Maintain enemy analysis of the COP 3b. Assist in Target Nomination 3d. Prepare Intsum/Intrep 4a. Provide Timely Products to Clarify Operational Picture 5a. Plan & Produce Section Orders 5b. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Evaluate Combat Information 2. Analyze Combat Information 3. Synthesize Intelligence to Develop the Situation 4. Support Battle Decision Making 5. Command & Control the Section

Targeting Development Team
ISR Analysis Platoon Targeting Development Team (Modified) 1a. Assess Incoming Information in Accordance with Existing Database 1b. Integrate Information into Existing Database 2a. Request updates to the Collection Plan 2b. Monitor Joint and Combined Intelligence Effort 2c. Conduct Pattern Analysis 3a. Develop Targets 3b. Produce Event Template 3c. Review Decision Support Templates 3d. Identify High Value Targets and High Payoff Targets 3e. Integrate High Payoff Targets with the FECC 4a. Plan & Produce Section Orders 4b. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Evaluate Combat Information 2. Analyze Combat Information 3. Synthesize Intelligence to Support Targeting and BDA 4. Command & Control the Section

Imagery Interpretation Team
ISR Analysis Platoon Imagery Interpretation Team (Modified) 1a. Determine Gaps, Lack of Holdings, and Discrepancies 1b. Compare Incoming Imagery with Current Holdings 1c. Interpret/Correlate UAV Imagery (still-shots) 2a. Develop Imagery Products to Support the Brigade’s Decision Making Process 2b. Develop Imagery Products to Support Situation Development, Targeting, and BDA 3a. Integrate Joint, Theater and National Intelligence Feeds into the COP 3b. Utilize Joint, Theater and National Imagery Feeds for Intelligence Planning and Mission Analysis 4a. Coordinate the IMINT Architecture 4b. Plan & Produce Section Orders 4c. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Interpret Imagery-based Combat Information and Intelligence 2. Synthesize Imagery to Answer PIR Supporting Situation Development, I&W, and Force Protection, Targeting, BDA, and IPB. 3. Fuse Intelligence from Higher to Support Intelligence Production 4. Command & Control the Section

Plans Team (Modified) ISR Analysis Platoon CTTL BATTLE TASKS
1a. Produce Intelligence Products to Support Brigade MDMP 1b. Produce Enemy Course of Action Sketch Products for Future Missions 2a. Monitor Joint and Combined Intelligence Effort for Use in Future Planning 2b. Wargame Possible Threat Courses of Action 3a. Utilize Reach Operations to Provide Brigade Planning with Access to National Level Assets 3b. Integrate Terrain and Weather Support Products into the Orders Process 4a. Plan & Produce Section Orders 4b. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Support Battle Planning (MDMP) and Execution 2. Analyze Combat Information 3. Fuse Intelligence from Higher to Support Intelligence Production 4. Command & Control the Section

Database Management Team
ISR Analysis Platoon Database Management Team (Modified) 1a. Maintain a Threat Database 1b. Combine and associate entities 1c. Integrate Intelligence/ Information in Existing Database 1d. Perform interactive message parsing 2a. Export Relevant Portions of Database to S2s 3a. Plan & Produce Section Orders 3b. Sustain the Force CTTL BATTLE TASKS 1. Perform Intelligence Database Management 2. Support Battle Planning (MDMP) and Execution 3. Command & Control the Section

INTEGRATION PLATOON MI Develop, Analyze, and Adjust Collection Plan
Conduct CGS Operations Conduct Single Source Intelligence Fusion Conduct Signals Analysis and pass Tech Guidance MI 2/0/19 INTEGRATION MI Platoon Headquarters G 4 x ASAS-RWS 1 x Operations Tent 1 x 10KW Generator MI G Requirements Team 1 x AN/TSQ-179v2 1 x PSC-5 TACSAT 1 x 10KW Generator 1 x CGS (w/Chase and 2 x 10KW Generator) MI Common Ground Station Team G SIGINT Analysis Team MI G MI *Common Ground Station Team Trojan Spirit Team 1 x Trojan Spirit with Chase vehicle G *Staff Weather Office MI *Attachments from 1st Weather Sqdn and 176th Sig

ISR Requirements Team 1. Prepare to Deploy
2. Conduct Mission Management 3. Conduct Requirements Management 4. Manage and recommend SIGINT operations COL KENT ERVIN, THE COLLECTIVE TRAINING DIRECTOR, IS ON THE HOOK FOR REVIEWING OUR TWO CORNERSTONE TRAINING MANUALS AND RECOMMENDING CHANGES TO OUR TRAINING DOCTRINE. THUS FAR OUR REVIEW, AND THOSE OF SENIOR MENTORS AND LEADERS IN THE ARMY, INDICATES THAT BOTH FM AND FM ARE ABOUT RIGHT; THEY JUST NEED A LITTLE TWEEKING FOR DOCTRINAL UPDATES REFLECTING OUR NEW THOUGHTS IN FM AND ACKNOWLEDGING THE ISSUES OF DIGITIZATION, AND CHALLENGES UNITS FACE IN TRANSITION FROM ANALOGUE TO FULL DIDIGITIZATION. BASED ON OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BRIGADE’S O&O, WE BELIEVE THAT OUR TRAINING DOCTRINE IS SOUND AND OUR EIGHT CONSTRUCTS OF TRAINNG ABSOLUTELY APPLY TO THIS BRIGADE. THE ONE SLIGHT ADAPTATION TO BE MADE IS UNDERSTANDING THE BRIGADE’S FOCUS IS NOT MAJOR WAR OPERATIONS, BUT MILITARY OPERATIONS IN SMALL SCALL CONTINGENCIES WHICH IT WILL TRAIN FOR DAILY. WHEN IT COMES TO MTW OR SASO, THE BRIGADE WILL ASSUME A TRAINING PROFILE OF TRAIN, ALERT, DEPLOY, TRAIN IN THEATER, THEN EMPLOY.

Common Ground Station Team
Battle Tasks 1. Prepare to Deploy 2. Pull information and intelligence from higher. 3. Conduct Intelligence Analysis on collected information. 4. Disseminate information and provide early warning to assets on the battlefield. COL KENT ERVIN, THE COLLECTIVE TRAINING DIRECTOR, IS ON THE HOOK FOR REVIEWING OUR TWO CORNERSTONE TRAINING MANUALS AND RECOMMENDING CHANGES TO OUR TRAINING DOCTRINE. THUS FAR OUR REVIEW, AND THOSE OF SENIOR MENTORS AND LEADERS IN THE ARMY, INDICATES THAT BOTH FM AND FM ARE ABOUT RIGHT; THEY JUST NEED A LITTLE TWEEKING FOR DOCTRINAL UPDATES REFLECTING OUR NEW THOUGHTS IN FM AND ACKNOWLEDGING THE ISSUES OF DIGITIZATION, AND CHALLENGES UNITS FACE IN TRANSITION FROM ANALOGUE TO FULL DIDIGITIZATION. BASED ON OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE BRIGADE’S O&O, WE BELIEVE THAT OUR TRAINING DOCTRINE IS SOUND AND OUR EIGHT CONSTRUCTS OF TRAINNG ABSOLUTELY APPLY TO THIS BRIGADE. THE ONE SLIGHT ADAPTATION TO BE MADE IS UNDERSTANDING THE BRIGADE’S FOCUS IS NOT MAJOR WAR OPERATIONS, BUT MILITARY OPERATIONS IN SMALL SCALL CONTINGENCIES WHICH IT WILL TRAIN FOR DAILY. WHEN IT COMES TO MTW OR SASO, THE BRIGADE WILL ASSUME A TRAINING PROFILE OF TRAIN, ALERT, DEPLOY, TRAIN IN THEATER, THEN EMPLOY.

Staff Weather Team CTTL
1. Collect Weather Information 2. Provide Weather Support to Tactical Planning 3. Provide WX Support to Battle Decision Making 4. Command & Control the Section

Intelligence Reconnaissance and Surveillance (ISR) Center
ISR Analysis and Integration Center (Main) BCT S2 (Forward/ CIC) 1 x AF O3** 1 x AF E5/6* SWO/ IMETS-L WS - Provides organic, local, high fidelity, 24 hour forecasting - Provides detailed wx effects analysis of Bde AO 1 x 96B E4** 1 x 96B E3* Target Development/ ASAS-RWS Builds HPTL alarms Identifies and tracks targets Executes equipment queries to develop entities Sends TIDAT msgs to AFATDS BDA From Surv Troop 1 x E5 96U** 2 x E4 96U* 1 x 96B E4 1 x 96B E3 1 x 96D E5** 1 x 96D E4** UAV GCS - Visualization of UAV video (within 40 km) - UAV technical steerage and mission taskings 1 x 35F O4 1 x 35E O3 (MTOE) 1 x 351B W2 1 x 351E W2 1 x 97E E7 1 x 97E E5 * 1 x 97B E4* Present ASAS-RWS - Translates Cdr’s intent, concept of ops, and CCIR into Intel guidance - Supervises and directs all MI ops - Focuses and integrates ISR planning - Provides Cdr and staff with assessment of threat capability and intentions - Provides Red/ Gray portion of the COP - Develops products to facilitate Cdr’s SA 1 x 96B E4* 1 x 96B E3* Imagery WS - Accesses/Requests - Higher Imagery Support - Exploits organic Imagery cap. Database/ ASAS-RWS - Maintains intelligence information database Executes Queries Performs combination processing to avoid redundancy of reporting and processing Enters/receives reports S2X/ CI/ OPS-WS and CHATS - Requirements development - Msn / Asset management - RFI coordination - Asset synchronization - Source registration & deconfliction - ICF and incentives management - Access to MDITs - TAC HUMINT spt to Force Protection ISR COP FIRES X II I PROTECT 2 x 96B E5* 2 x 96B E4* CIC Situation Development/ ASAS-RWS - Adds commander’s intent to display - Correlation and integration of higher HQ analysis - Integrates subordinate S2 analysis - Collaboration - Integrates raw information with analytic efforts to ensure collection is effective, and supporting to the CIC. ISR Analysis 1 x 350B W2 Sr Analyst 1 x 96B E Analyst 1 x 96B E Analyst BCT S2 1 x 35D O Bde S2 1 x 35D O Assistant S2 1 x 350B W2 Sr Analyst 1 x 96B E NCOIC 1 x 96B E5 1 x 35D O3 Battle CPT/ OIC (MI CO Cdr) 1 x 35D O2 Battle CPT ISR Integration 2 x 35D O2 ISR Integration OIC 1 x 96B E7 NCOIC 1 x 96B E5 NCOIC 1 x 96B E4 1 x 96B E3 2 x 96B E4* 2 x 96B E3* Situational Awareness ASAS-RWS - Maintains threat portion of the current sit overlay and Intel portion of the BCT’s COP - Monitors and presents threat sit development and COAs - Collaborates with subordinate S2s on Intel products - Controls dissemination of Intel to higher 1 x 96B E4 ** 1 x 96B E3** 1 x 96B E5 1 x 96B E3* 1 x 98C E6** 1 x 98C E5** 1 x 98C E4* 1 x 98C E3* 1 x 96H E6** 1 x 96H E5** 2 x 96H E4* 2 x 96H E3* ISR Requirements Management/ ASAS-RWS(2) - Support Requirements Development - Mission taskings and tech steerage for Multi-discipline sensors in RSTA - Cross BOS ISR execution - Mission management of selected sensors - Conducts requirements management - Linked to Bde Plans element - RFI management - Reachback for tech support JDISS - Provides access to Natl level/Joint products - Collaborates with Natl Agencies Disposition Development/ ASAS-RWS - Maintains Disposition Overlay of the Bde AO Receives pre-processed sensor info from higher Develops Disposition Overlay by analyzing sensor reps/preprocessed info SIGINT Ops/ ESM Workstation (2) - SIGINT analysis of raw info and SIGINT fusion - Multi-Sensor Tech Steerage, - Reachback for tech spt, planning, and requirements management CGS-Remote - GRCS - U2 - JSTARS - EMTI 1 x 96B E4** 1 x 96B E3 * Focus is on the processing and fusion of internal RSTA collection. Plans/ ASAS-RWS - Receives products and graphic display from Sit Development - Monitors current Sit and wargames threat COA - Works directly for Bde S2 and linked to Bde Plans Based on 21 June 00 OTOE

Provide Direction and Refinement
Situation Development - Adds commander’s intent to display - Correlation and integration of higher HQ analysis - Integrates subordinate S2 analysis - Collaboration - Integrates raw information with analytic efforts to ensure collection is effective, and supporting to the CIC. 1 x 96B E5 2 x 96B E4 Imagery WS -Accesses/Requests - Higher Imagery Support - Exploits organic Imagery cap. 1 x 96D E6 1 x 96D E4 Interactive Production 1 x 96B E5 2 x 96B E3 Plans - Receives products and graphic display from Sit Development - Monitors current Sit and wargames threat COA - Works directly for Bde S2 and linked to Bde Plans Provide Direction and Refinement 1 x 35D O2 Battle CPT ISR Analysis 2 x 350B W2 All Source Tech 1 x 96B E7 Senior Analyst 1 x 96B E6 Master Analyst Collaborative Planning Sensor To Shooter Collaborative Analysis Link to Brigade Threat Disposition Development - Maintains Disposition Overlay of the Bde AO Receives pre-processed sensor info from higher Develops Disposition Overlay by analyzing sensor reps/preprocessed info 1 x 96B E5 2 x 96B E3 Database Manager - Maintains intelligence information database Executes Queries Performs combination processing to avoid redundancy of reporting and processing Enters/receives reports 1 x 96B E4 1 x 96B E3 Target Development Builds HPTL alarms Identifies and tracks targets Executes equipment queries to develop entities Sends TIDAT msgs to AFATDS BDA 1 x 96B E5 2 x 96B E3 Intel Reports

Analysis Products MI MI MI MI MI MI 1/184 1/184 1/184 DISP DEV TGT DEV
PLANS SITMAP Battle Tracking Intel Verification Event Template BDA Analysis Identify HVT Sensor-Shooter Pattern Analysis COA Development Order of Battle Intelligence Estimate Road to War 1/184 1/184 1/184 MI MI MI SIT DEV IMAGERY DBM Imagery Interpretation Imagery Products UAV snapshots CGS Integration Higher Imagery Support Database Threat Information Correct format/input errors Export database to JCDB Graphic INTSUMS Doctrinal Templates Enemy SITTEMP COA analysis/verification

SIGINT Reporting / Direction
NSA, JWICS, ARFOR, National Collection BDE CDR (BDE TOC/ACE) TROJAN SPIRIT SCO (SQDN TOC) SIGINT Ops (ACE) Target Folder/ISR Plan TRP CDR (TRP CP) PROPHET Control Transcription/Analysis = Direction (Orders) = Tech Data Reporting = Direction (C2 / Coordination) = Tactical Reporting PL (PL HQs) PROPHET Teams Mission Management

TACTICAL HUMINT PLATOON
Collect Tactical HUMINT Information Conduct Force Protection Source Operations Provide Intelligence Support to Force Protection Report Operational and Intelligence Information MI 1/2/21 TAC HUMINT MI Platoon HQs 1 x 35E O3/1 x 97E40 MI 2 x Operational Management Team 1 x CW2 1 x 97E20 1 x 97B10 1 x CHATS 1 x PSC-5 TACSAT 1 x PRC-150 HF 1 x VRC-92 1 x Operations Tent MI MI MI 4 x Tactical HUMINT Team 1 x 97E30 1 x 97E20 1 x 97B20 1 x 97E10 MI 1 x M249 SAW/3 x M16 1 x CHATS 2 x ITRT 1 x PSC-5 TACSAT 1 x PRC-150 HF 1 x VRC-91 MI

TAC HUMINT PLATOON CTTL
BATTLE TASK 1. DEPLOY/REDEPLOY 2. COLLECT TACTICAL HUMINT INFORMATION 3. CONDUCT FORCE PROTECTION SOURCE OPERATIONS 4. PROVIDE INTEL SUPPORT TO FORCE PROTECTION 5. REPORT OPERATIONAL AND INTELLIGENCE DATA 6. SUSTAIN THE FORCE

OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT TEAM
BATTLE TASK 1. DEPLOY/REDEPLOY 2. COLLECT, ANALYZE AND PASS TACTICAL HUMINT REPORTS 3. MANAGE, TRACK AND SYNCHRONIZE TACTICAL HUMINT TEAM OPERATIONS 4. REPORT OPERATIONAL AND INTELLIGENCE DATA

TAC HUMINT TEAM 1. DEPLOY/REDEPLOY
BATTLE TASK 1. DEPLOY/REDEPLOY 2. COLLECT TACTICAL HUMINT INFORMATION 3. CONDUCT FORCE PROTECTION SOURCE OPERATIONS 4. PROVIDE INTEL SUPPORT TO FORCE PROTECTION 5. REPORT OPERATIONAL AND INTELLIGENCE DATA

HUMINT Reporting / Direction
G2X COS BDE CDR (BDE TOC) S2X (CI&OPS WS) SCO (SQDN TOC) PL/OMT (CHATS) THT TRP CDR (TRP CP) Troop 97B (CHATS) = Direction (Orders) = “Source” Reporting = Direction (C2 / Coordination) = Tactical Reporting PL (PL HQs) Recce HUMINTER (ITRT)

WEAKNESSES ID’ed in 1-25 - Difficulty in acquiring Specialty/Low Density MOS Training - Physical Fitness - Soldiers not trained on “analog” methods in AIT - No organic Squadron Weather Team - No organic HQ personnel (orderly room, NBC, training) - Linguist Augmentation for TACHUMINT teams - No organic repair capabilities

ISR Analysis Section S2 Ops Team Situation Development Tm Database
ACE / S2: Threat Situation Development (1 of 2) ISR Analysis Section S2 Ops Team Uses COP to update BDE TOC graphics, templates and charts Common Operating Picture Situation Development Tm Recognize threat COAs, intent, and capabilities Responsible for developing Brigade Threat Common Operating Picture (COP) SALUTEs,spot reports, INTREPs, imagery Populates BDE S2 RWS database Subordinate (UAV,HUMINT, RSTA) and higher imagery Correlated,enhanced,and annotated IMINT products Database Management Tm Controls ASAS/RWS Populates subordinate S2s’ RWS with relevant Intel Subordinate S2, non-organic ISR Organizations Intel and other relevant information External collection and analysis products Fused collection and analysis products Imagery Analysis Team Tailors subordinate/higher imagery to support targeting/planning products Stores products in Brigade Imagery Product Library Disposition Development Team Fuses external collection and analysis products to meet Brigade requirements Conducts trend and pattern analysis

Brigade S2 Section S2 Operations Team S2 Plans Team Battalion S2
ACE / S2: Threat Situation Development (2 of 2) Brigade S2 Section S2 Operations Team Develop threat situation focusing on Brigade AO and current fight Receive input from subordinate S2s to update COP received from ISR Analysis Section Disseminate updated COP to subordinate units using ABCS Assessment of threat COAs impact On future friendly operations Common Operating Picture SALUTEs,spot reports, INTREPs, imagery Common Operating Picture S2 Plans Team Recognize threat COAs, capabilities, and intentions Monitor current situation, assess impact of threat COAs on future friendly operations Battalion S2 Squadron S2

Higher Intel Organization
ACE / S2: ISR Plan Monitoring/Update (1 of 1) Bde S2 With BDE CDRs approval (if needed), authorizes additional ISR tasks, reallocation of ISR assets, or request for support from higher ARFOR/JTF/ Higher Intel Organization Additional asset or asset re-task request adjustment ISR Plan request ISR Plan adjustment approval S2 Operations Team Ensure ISR Plans of the subordinate battalions, RSTA Squadron, and ISR Integration Section are synchronized Use Intel Synchronization Matrix to track which ISR assets owe reports and when those reports are due Ensure that all decision makers receive the appropriate Intel Identify shortcomings in ISR Plan, shortcomings may result from: 1. ISR Asset Reports are not providing adequate information to determine Decision Criteria 2. Threat Plan assumptions diverge from current assessment New Threat COAs (either potential or real) will prompt a mini-wargame using current Intel to validate/update BDE 1)Oper System Synch Matrix, 2)DST, 3)Intel Synch Matrix If ISR Plan must change, the following actions occur ISR Integration PLT Assist S2 Ops Sec in identifying ISR Plan shortcomings If plan needs to changed, will re-task accordingly Additional asset or asset re-task request ISR Plan changes RSTA Squadron Maneuver Battalions

ISR Analysis Section Bde S2 Imagery Analysis Tm Target Development Tm
ACE /S2: Target Development/BDA (1 of 1) Bde S2 Brigade Senior Target Developer Briefs Current Threat Situation/BDA/Combat Effectiveness during Targeting Meeting Receives updated HPTL and TSM from FSO ISR Analysis Section Updated HPTL/TSM Imagery Analysis Tm Tailors subordinate and higher imagery to support targeting Imagery request for Target Development Tailored Imagery Target Development results BDA/Combat Effectiveness Target Development Tm Conducts Target Development using HVTL Processes info into graphic format to support Brigade Fire Support Plan Works directly with Fire Support Officer to execute targeting missions and coord changes Responsible for tracking BDA S2 Operations Team Threat Situation Development Track BDA and Threat Combat Effectiveness BDA results

Higher Intel Organization
ACE / S2: Continuous IPB (1 of 1) ARFOR/JTF/ Higher Intel Organization IPB related Products/info S2 Plans Tm Modify IPB products using updated information ISR Analysis Section Processes all incoming information relating to IPB Processed IPB information S2 Ops Tm Modify automated IPB products Updated IPB products products/information IPB related Updated,automated IPB thru COP RSTA Squadron Subordinate Battalions RSTA Squadron Subordinate Battalions

ISR Planning & Execution

ISSUES 1. Roles and Responsibilities.
What is the role of the BDE S2 versus the role of the RSTA CDR? Who is the ISR Plan integrator/ synchronizer? How does the MICO support both the BCT Main and the RSTA Squadron? 2. Who attends Collaborative Planning at BDE and for what portions of MDMP? 3. ISR Plan and Matrix Suspense. 4. Issue of TOC co-location. The BCT Operations O&O, 18 MAR 04 talks about co-locating the Recon TOC with the BCT Main… TO GET US STARTED, I’VE CATEGORIZED THE VARIOUS ISSUES AND QUESTIONS POSED AND WE’LL FIRST CUT TO THE CHASE WITH OUR SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS AND THEN WE’LL MOVE INTO A MORE DETAILED TREATMENT OF EACH. PLEASE BEAR IN MIND THAT OUR MISSION IS NOT TO PREACH THE APPROVED SOLUTION TO ANYONE, BUT TO RESEARCH HISTORICAL DOCTRINE, INTERVIEW COMBAT PARTICIPANTS AT ALL LEVELS AND DIGEST ALL COMBAT AARs, AND THEN FUSE THEM INTO REFINED, UPDATED DOCTRINE FOR OUR EVOLVING FORCE. THAT BEING SAID, THIS IS OUT STAB AT ANSWERING HOW THESE ISSUES MIGHT BE RESOLVED BUT IT IS, BY NO MEANS, LAW.

ISSUES: BLUF 1. Roles and Responsibilities.
What is the role of the BDE S2 versus the role of the RSTA CDR? BDE S2 ANALYZES CBT INFO; NOMINATES NAIs, ETC. RSTA CDR IS A COMMANDER AND NOT A STAFF OFFICER, NOT A “CHIEF OF RECON “ Who is the ISR Plan integrator/ synchronizer? BCT AND SQDN S3 How does the MICO support both the BCT Main and the RSTA Squadron? ANALAYZES ALL CBT INFO FOR BCT CDR; ACCESSES HIGHER LEVEL INTEL ASSETS/ PRODUCTS 2. Who attends Collaborative Planning at BDE and for what portions of MDMP? ALL-IMPORTANT MINUTE COLLABORATIVE HUDDLE W/ BCT CDR DIRECTLY AFTER RECEIPT OF MISSION (BCT CDR AND PRIMARY STAFF + RSTA CDR AND HIS S2, S3) 3. ISR Plan and Matrix Suspense. CDR’S INITIAL RECON GUIDANCE DURING COLLABORATIVE HUDDLE INITIAL ISR PLAN & MATRIX BY WARNO 1, NLT WARNO 2 4. Issue of TOC co-location. TOCs SHOULD NOT BE CO-LOCATED UNLESS OVERWHELMING SITUATION DEMANDS SUCH. CO-LOCATION SHOULD NOT BE SOP NOR USED OUT OF DESPERATION THE FIRST ISSUE RELATES TO ROLES OF STAFF AND COMMANDERS. OUR POSITION IS THAT WHENEVER THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEEN ONE’S ROLE AS A STAFF OFFICER AND ONE’S ROLE AS A COMMANDER, THE COMMANDER ROLE MUST TAKE PRIORITY. THE RSTA SQDN CDR IS FIRST AND FOREMOST A COMMANDER OF SOLDIERS AND THEIR SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT. THEY REQUIRE DECISIVE LEADERHSIP AND GUIDANCE THROUGHOUT ALL PHASES OF ANY OPERATION, THEREFORE, HE IS NOT BEST UTILIZED IF HE IS SERVING IN THE CAPACITY OF SOME TYPE OF SUPER BRIGADE STAFF OFFICER CO-LOCATED IN A BRIGADE TOC. THERE IS A TIME AND A PLACE (AS WE SHALL SEE) FOR HIM TO BE IN ENGAGED IN COLLABORATIVE PLANNING. BUT THERE IS ALSO A DISTINCT TIME AND PLACE FOR HIM TO PHYSICALLY BREAK CONTACT WITH HIGHER AND GET WITH HIS TROOPS.

Overview of ISR Duties, Responsibilities, Relationships
Synchronizes/ integrates ISR effort across BCT. Tasks assets due to operational rather than analysis nature of recon and surveillance + massive land/space management issues. BCT S3 Nominates NAIs; suggests employment of assets. Analyzes combat information from higher & from RSTA SQDN. Does not task assets. S2 Analyzes all combat info for BCT CDR, including, but not limited to, that generated by RSTA SQDN. Leverages “reach” from higher intel assets, blends HUMINT, SOF-delivered info, and other sources to shape the COP. Nominates NAIs and suggests employment of assets. MICO Commander, not Chief of Recon. He’s a commander of the soldiers and specialized equipment providing the eyes and ears for the BCT CDR, he’s not an additional staff officer. RSTA SQDN CDR Tasks RSTA assets; synch & integrates ISR effort for SQDN; Plans collaboratively w/ BCT 3, 2, MICO S3 Surveillance Troop Commander: The argument is sometimes posed that he is needed for Brigade-level collaboratively planning by virtue of the specialized equipment and assets organic to his troop—that he knows all of their technical and employment aspects and is, therefore, essential for planning. The answer to this argument is that S3 Planners at all levels need to LEARN all of the capabilities and employment fundamentals of the Surveillance Troop’s equipment and assets as they would the capabilities of their entire squadron. Nominates NAIs; suggests employment of assets; Plans collaboratively W/ BCT 3, 2, MICO S2 SURV TRP CDR Commander not a staff officer! As a commander, he is not involved in collaborative planning at the BCT level anymore than you would pull all infantry company cdrs for Brigade-level planning His troop must work habitually with RSTA SQDN at all times; TRP assets farmed out to other SQDNs by exception only

4 x Ways to Abbreviate MDMP
ACCELERATED MDMP & ISR PLANNING & SUSPENSES RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR COA DEVELOPMENT COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 4 x Ways to Abbreviate MDMP FM 5-0, p 4-40 Increase Cdr’s involvement so decisions are made faster Cdr more prescriptive in his guidance—limiting options—focusing the efforts of the staff Cdr limits the number of COAs developed—one directed COA Parallel/ Collaborative Planning RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR COA DEVELOPMENT COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT We need to specifically look at MDMP acceleration/ abbreviation in order to ascertain how to deploy reconnaissance assets ASAP so they are actively working for the BCT CDR, refining his view of the battlefield and enabling him to make more informed tactical decisions in the near future. If scouts/ recon assets are not deployed early, if they are not given maximum time to deploy with stealth but are instead given no marching orders until Mission Analysis has been completed, then they are rushed to deploy (which translates into decreased security for themselves) and the Brigade has already started losing the intelligence fight—getting inside the enemy’s decision cycle is now a prospect rapidly diminishing. 1

COA ANALYSIS (War-game) EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT
ACCELERATED MDMP & ISR PLANNING FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC SURV TRP CDR S3 SURV CDR S2 MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 S3 MICO COA DEVELOPMENT “ISR operations are a commander’s function supported by the entire staff and subordinate units.” [FM , 4-1] ISR is not a “function” it is a MISSION! “Based on the initial IPB, PIR, and CCIR, the staff, primarily the intelligence officer, identifies intel gaps. Based on available surveillance and Recon assets and input from the intel officer, the operations officer prepares the initial ISR plan… As ISR sources fill in gaps or the CCIR change, ISR taskings are updated. The operations officer does this with FRAGOs…” [FM 5-0] MICOs/ S2s do not task elements—that is an S3 function ISR---a MISSION, is not something of secondary importance handed exclusively to S2s, granting them tasking authority RSTA Commander is a commander, not a super staff officer and not “Chief of Recon”! COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal Viewing ISR as a staff function instead of an all-important mission often results in units relegating ISR to a place of secondary importance (in application if not tacitly stated…) CTCs repeatedly see S2s heading the ISR “effort” with minimal input/ supervision of the Operations Officers. S2s are implicitly given tasking authority for execution of their ISR Plans that they have genesized in near-isolation. The plans are not synchronized with the maneuver plan and are not given the operational emphasis of the cmd group and they repeatedly fail to achieve their objectives. ISR is a mission and is synchronized and ultimately tasked into action by the Operations Officer. “I”—Intelligence [this is the staff function—the analysis of combat information from all levels and assets], you then have “S” Surveillance and “R” Reconnaissance which are NOT staff functions, but highly-specialized and critical missions. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 1

TOC CO-LOCATION? RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC SURV TRP CDR S3 SURV CDR S2 MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 S3 MICO METT-TC dependent: Distances involved/ Quality of Communications Status of ongoing operations Historically (CTCs) it is the option resorted to in desperation when chaos prevails Type/ form of future mission Co-location by exception, rather than by SOP COA DEVELOPMENT COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON Co-Location Pros Cons + Easier for continuous Collaborative Planning - SQDN CDR becomes more of a super-staff officer instead of a COMMANDER + Face-to-face contact/ communication w/BC - At extended distance SQDN CDR spends inordinate time traveling back to AO - Poor Commo w/ Subords - Historically (3ID OIF): ASAT, BFT, MCS(L) connectivity very sketchy and unreliable; couple this with a SQDN TOC that is even more distant from the line units and you have a terminal problem - Artillery magnet COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal First is the issue of location of TOCs. Before we get into MDMP and ISR Planning we must address the dilemma: Do you co-locate your RSTA SQDN TOC with the BDE Main or not? Ultimately, it comes down to how you view the function of a TOC. If you favor the view that a Command Post is oriented HIGHER, then you may well opt for the co-location option. If, however, you view the TOC as an entity that exists to orient downwards, orient to the line troops on the FLOT, then you will be predisposed to ensuring Squadron TOCs are located IOT facilitate communications with their dispersed units. Generally, a SQDN TOC co-located with the BCT Main is at a greater distance from the line units than otherwise would have been the case. This impacts communications adversely. Further, that which the RSTA SQDN needs to initiate movement and begin collecting for the BDE is received (ideally) during WARNO1 just after an initial face-to-face collaborative huddle with the BCT CDR and his primary staff. After this point, the ISR Plan is continually being refined. The point is that, once the mission commences, the RSTA SQDN receives FRAGO after FRAGO of updates and refinements to the ISR plan, but is not generally involved in the remainder of the BCT’s MDMP process. At this point (after WARNO1, perhaps WARNO2), the SQDN TOC needs to be in a place where it can best C2 and serve it’s assets/ scouts, etc. The importance of RSTA co-location after WARNO 1/ 2 is greatly diminished. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 1

1 RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC SURV TRP CDR S3 SURV CDR S2 MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 S3 MICO COA DEVELOPMENT BCT CDR’S VISUALIZATION [FM 5-0, 3-10] AO, Battlespace, Battlefield Organization COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON BCT CDR PLANNING GUIDANCE [FM 5-0, 3-54 & App. D] 1. Initial Operational Timeline 2. How to abbreviate MDMP 3. Necessary coordination/ LNOs to dispatch 4. Authorized Mov’t (Positioning of C2) 5. Additional Staff Tasks 6. Collaborative Planning Times 7. Initial IR or CCIR (as required) COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal Immediately after mission received, BCT CDR calls for a collaborative RSTA CDR/ staff “huddle” ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order Development of initial IR or CCIR for RSTA SQDN critical—cannot wait until after Mission Analysis. REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 1

RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance 1 BCT TOC RSTA TOC MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S3 S2 CDR S2 XO SURV TRP S3 MICO SURV CDR COA DEVELOPMENT BCT CDR’S VISUALIZATION [FM 5-0, 3-10] AO, Battlespace, Battlefield Organization COA ANALYSIS (War-game) RSTA CDR and selected staff move to BCT TOC for collaborative planning Collaboration… “Commanders at all levels work together to develop the best plans. This requires sharing information freely between the command posts. The goal is not just to reduce the time required to produce and distribute the plans, but the real goal is to produce a better plan by including input from adjacent, higher, and lower elements. Additionally, this collaboration promotes buy-in and understanding of the plan, thereby enhancing preparation and execution.” FM (7-22) COA COMPARISON BCT CDR PLANNING GUIDANCE [FM 5-0, 3-54 & App. D] 1. Initial Operational Timeline 2. How to abbreviate MDMP 3. Necessary coordination/ LNOs to dispatch 4. Authorized Mov’t (Positioning of C2) 5. Additional Staff Tasks 6. Collaborative Planning Times 7. Initial IR or CCIR (as required) COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal BCT WARNO 1 In the case of the RSTA SQDN, this critical, early “collaborative huddle” with the BCT CDR and his staff primaries lays the groundwork for the initial ISR plan. Specifically: the BCT CDR determines, based on (1) what guidance he has received from higher, and (2) how much time he has available, whether the operational will be a Recon Push or a Recon Pull mission. Second, the BCT Commander then issues reconnaissance guidance: Focus, Tempo, Engagement and Disengagement Criteria. This is what the RSTA scouts/ assets need to initiate movement and start collecting vital combat information for the Brigade Commander so he can effectively and wisely maneuver his Battalions. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order CDR’S FIRST PRIORITY INITIAL DEPLOYMENT OF RSTA SQDN ASSETS INTO AO SPEED OF DECISION-MAKING AND GUIDANCE HERE TRANSLATES INTO GREATER SECURITY FOR RSTA ASSETS—MORE TIME TO DEPLOY= ABILITY FOR GREATER STEALTH/ SURVIVABILITY REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 2

RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC 2 RSTA TOC MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 CDR XO SURV TRP S3 MICO S3 S2 SURV CDR COA DEVELOPMENT COMMANDER’S VISUALIZATION [FM 5-0, 3-10] AO, Battlespace, Battlefield Organization RSTA CDR VISUALIZATION [FM 5-0, 3-10] AO, Battlespace, Battlefield Organization COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON PLANNING GUIDANCE [FM 5-0, 3-54 & App. D] 1. Initial Operational Timeline 2. How to abbreviate MDMP 3. Necessary coordination/ LNOs to dispatch 4. Authorized Mov’t (Positioning of C2) 5. Additional Staff Tasks 6. Collaborative Planning Times 7. Initial IR or CCIR (as required) RSTA CDR PLANNING GUIDANCE [FM 5-0, 3-54 & App. D] 1. Initial Operational Timeline 2. How to abbreviate MDMP 3. Necessary coordination/ LNOs to dispatch 4. Authorized Mov’t (Positioning of C2) 5. Additional Staff Tasks 6. Collaborative Planning Times 7. Initial IR or CCIR (as required) COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal BCT WARNO 1 Having rapidly received the BCT Cdr’s initial thoughts on the AO, Battlespace, and Battlefield Organization as well as hearing the BCT Cdr’s Planning Guidance (including reconnaissance guidance), the RSTA CDR is now able to very rapidly issue orders for initial asset deployment of assets into the new AO. By virtue of the collaborative huddle with the BCT CDR, he is better able to maximize the amount of time available for his subordinates to use maximum stealth to maneuver into the general AO and begin information feeds/ reports as soon as possible. Stealth of movement translates directly into exponentially increased security for the reconnaissance/surveillance assets. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order SQDN WARNO 1 RSTA ASSETS BEGIN INITIAL MANEUVER TO THEIR GENERAL (TO-BE REFINED) AOs NAI REFINEMENT OCCURS DURING MISSION ANALYSIS WHILE ASSETS ARE MOVING INTO POSITION REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 3

RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 CDR XO S2 SURV TRP S3 MICO S3 SURV CDR Type of Operation BCT: Attack/ Defend/ M2C/ Raid 3 COA DEVELOPMENT General Location of Operation Deploy RSTA assets into general AO Initial NAIs COA ANALYSIS (War-game) SQDN WARNO 1 COA COMPARISON Movement to Initiate Ground Scouts begin transportation to debarkation points; then start dismounted infiltration to checkpoints TUAVs begin initial aerial surveillance routes Etc. FM 5-0, p 3-14 1. Type of operation 2. General Location of Operation 3. Movement to Initiate 4. Collaborative Planning Reqts 5. Initial IR or CCIR 6. ISR Tasks COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal Movt to Initiate: Scouts and other RSTA assets are given intermediate checkpoints which simply guide them into their general AOs until such time as their specific NAIs are determined and/or the initial ISR plan is disseminated. Ideally, the initial ISR plan will be issued in WARNO 1, but this will not always be the case. Initial checkpoints/waypoints in lieu of NAIs allow them to make stealthy infiltration into their respective AOs instead of waiting until the BCT and SQDN have the NAIs firmly established which (in worst case scenarios) could take hours. The issue here is to, in every instance, make the very best use of time and give MAXIMUM time to the man on the ground who has to prep his gear, travel x number of kilometers through potentially hostile terrain, and get situationally-oriented to his AO. Initial IR or CCIR ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order ISR GUIDANCE [FM 5-0, 3-55; Ch 3, 4] 1. Focus 2. Tempo 3. Engagement/ Disengagement Criteria REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 4

RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 CDR XO 4 RSTA CDR/ Staff return SURV TRP S3 MICO S3 S2 COA DEVELOPMENT SURV CDR Mission Analysis Collaborative vs. Distributive vs. Parallel BCT & RSTA SQN commander maximum participation CDRs give prescriptive guidance COA ANALYSIS (War-game) COA COMPARISON COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal ISR Planning (Mission Analysis Step 9) 1. Develop Requirements 2. Develop Collection Plan 3. Task or Request Collection 4. Disseminate 5. Evaluate Reporting 6. Update ISR Planning Directly after the minute collaborative huddle with the BCT CDR and his staff, the RSTA CDR and staff now have all they need to initiate recon mov’t and issue WARNO1 with the initial ISR Plan. The initial plan and associated matrix may only have 1-2 NAIs and few CCIR but this will be refined over time. The SQDN should not wait for the BCT to produce it’s full-blown, fully refined ISR Plan at the conclusion of Mission Analysis. If additional NAIs and taskings arise in the evolving BDE ISR Plan during Mission Analysis that were not initially discussed in collaboration with the BCT CDR, then the BDE staff gives the Squadron staff a “collaborative” heads-up on the developments. The SQDN ISR Plan and Matrix is updated as necessary and FRAGOs are disseminated. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 5

Initial ISR Plan and Matrix
CDR’s Huddle Initial ISR Plan and Matrix Refined ISR Plan Mission Analysis Collaborative vs. Distributive vs. Parallel BCT & RSTA SQN commander maximum participation CDRs give prescriptive guidance ISR Planning (Mission Analysis Step 9) 1. Develop Requirements 2. Develop Collection Plan 3. Task or Request Collection 4. Disseminate 5. Evaluate Reporting 6. Update ISR Planning Refined ISR Matrix PIR NAI’s LTIOV Indicators Target TF BRT MI MP ADA 1. Will TF Angel attempt to seize the key terrain vic NAI 73 or NAI 85 in order to support the 49, 63, until 6-9 rotary wing aircraft moving Pass Eng X 77 and 85 6-9 rotary wing aircraft air Pass info 44, 49, 54, “Red” communications with background 61, 63, 73, 77, Friendly units receiving 170 MM cannon SEAD fires from Conduct net 1-29 3-5 Initial ISR Plan and Matrix formulated during BCT CDR’s collaborative huddle, disseminated in WARNO 1; the refined Plan and Matrix takes form during Mission Analysis (step 9) and is published in WARNO 2. Time of the essence! An initial ISR Plan (w/ initial Matrix) allows RSTA assets to begin R & S, therefore, goal is to disseminate in WARNO #1, NLT WARNO #2.

RECEIPT OF MISSION Issue Cdr’s Initial Guidance BCT TOC RSTA TOC MISSION ANALYSIS Approve Restated Mission State Commander’s Intent Approve Initial CCIR CDR S2 CDR XO SURV TRP S3 MICO S3 S2 COA DEVELOPMENT SURV CDR Mission Analysis Collaborative vs. Distributive vs. Parallel BCT & RSTA SQN commander maximum participation CDR gives prescriptive guidance COA ANALYSIS (War-game) FM 5-0, p 3-26 1. Approved Mission Statement 2. CDR’s Intent 3. TASKO changes 4. Attachments/ Detachments 5. Unit AO 6. CCIR and EEFI 7. Risk Guidance 8. Surveillance and Recon Instructions 9. Initial Movement Instructions 10. Security Measures 11. Military Deception Guidance 12. Mob/ Counter-Mob Guidance 13. Specific Priorities 14. Updated Operational Timeline 15. Guidance on Collaborative events and Rehearsals SQDN WARNO 2 COA COMPARISON COA APPROVAL Approve COA Specify Type of Order Specify Type of Rehearsal At this stage, most of the RSTA SQDN’s OPORD (which is essentially derived from the BCT ISR Plan) is done. Now what occurs is updating and refining the ISR Matrix as CCIR are answered and new CCIR are added. ORDERS PRODUCTION Approve Order REHEARSAL EXECUTION & ASSESSMENT 6

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