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Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia) Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland University Plant Sciences Group Queensland, Australia breadfish@meee.com.au
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Project Location: Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia Mean annual precipitation: 614 mm AUSTRALIA Queensland City of Rockhampton Location: - 23 24' S lat. 150 30' E log. Mean annual evaporation: 2243 mm (1992 - 2002)
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Depleted and degraded freshwater supply is the greatest threat currently facing Central Queensland.
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Integrate regional water based industry, agribusiness, and ecology for multiple societal benefit.
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Constructed wetlands Aquaculture Power station wastewater Floral hydroponics
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Integrated Aquaculture and Constructed Wetlands
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Biodiversity Carbon dioxide sequestration and cycling Soil and nutrient retention Direct or indirect water supply Wetland products / tourism / education In-line and discharge water quality control Secondary crop and / or in situ feed production Minimal skilled / non-skilled labor Minimal energy to sustain One time investment – long operating life Constructed Wetlands ? Aquaculture + Wetland Services (RAMSAR, 1996)
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Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) Schoenoplectus validus Baumea articulata
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SYSTEM DESIGN
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Pilot Scale Integration Rose Hydroponics Wetlands Barramundi Red claw Water Input Physical - Hydrological Frameworks discharge / reuse
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RESULTS Animal and Plant Growth
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Barramundi Culture Efficiency Trial 1 - 2001Trial 2 - 2002Trial 3 - 2003 R1R2R1R2R1R2 SGR2.772.722.562.632.522.31 feeding rate (% body weight day -1 ) 2.592.632.152.292.502.18 FCR0.800.820.810.851.140.92 tank culture density (kg m -3 ) 14.814.58.57.620.230.2 wetland culture density (kg m -2 ) 1.4 0.80.71.92.8 survival %97.5100959075.492.3
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Barramundi SGR measured at the high end of published SRGs for barramundi cultured commercially in ponds and cages Barramundi feeding rate measured near the lower end of published feeding rates for fish cultured in integrated wetland systems, but high for commercial barramundi systems. Barramundi FCRs were very efficient when compared to barramundi cultured commercially, and when compared to fish culture in integrated wetland systems, Barramundi culture density (with respect to culture wetland surface area) was at least 6 times greater than fish culture densities reported for all other integrated wetland systems
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Red Claw Culture Efficiency trial 1 - 2001trial 2 - 2002trial 3 - 2003 R1R2R1R2R1R2 SGR0.910.920.601.240.960.98 wetland density (kg m -2 ) 0.040.050.180.150.120.14 survival (%)80.070.0na 63.073.1
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Red claw SGRs and survival rates measured at the high end of published SGRs where red claw had been cultured with fish in non-wetland systems. Red claw SGRs measured at the low end (less efficient) of published SGR values for direct-fed pond cultured red claw. Red claw culture densities were similar to those reported in crayfish poly-culture systems
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2001 2003
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Nutrient Water Quality
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Source Trial 1Trial 2 2001 2002
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Trial 1Trial 2 2001 2002
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MASS BALANCE
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+ 1 % + 4 % + 103 % Fish sequestered 44 % feed nitrogen Crayfish indirectly sequestered 3 % nitrogen
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+ 4 % + 101 % + 3 % Fish sequestered 50 % feed bound phosphorus Crayfish indirectly sequestered 3 % phosphorus
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+ 1451 % + 1461 % + 10 % + 425 % + 433 % + 8 %
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+ 83 % - 5 % + 12 % + 83 % - 5 % + 12 %
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Biodiversity
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Experiment Conclusion The integrated aquaculture / wetland system…... Polishing wetland effluent total nitrogen and total phosphorus remained below ANZECC trigger levels roughly 40 % of the time. ● produced three healthy and efficient fish and crayfish harvests ● maintained culture quality water without added resource inputs ● supported local biodiversity Baumea articulata plants have advantages over Schoenoplectus validus plants.…... ● Biomass production ● Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sequestration ● canopy shade ● frog density ● able to support red claw in a niche habitat, without direct feed inputs
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Integrated Floral Hydroponics - Power Station Wastewater - Aquaculture Wastewater Experiment 2 Trials 1-3
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Leonora Christine German hybrid tea rose Robust, long stemmed, repeat flowering, insect resistant, highly fragrant, large red flowers.
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Pilot Integration Rose Hydroponics Power station wastewater (trial 1) Physical - Hydrological Frameworks Evaporation Pond Discharge Aquaculture wastewater (trial 2)
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Wastewater Treatment flowers per 0.45 m 2 growth period (day) stem length (cm) flower diameter (cm) vase life (day) Water use per marketable flower (L) 0 % RO H2O mean 6.849.342.07.75.810.1 stdv 1.91.85.20.60.12.7 50 % mean 7.048.345.07.66.010.2 stdv 1.41.93.90.40.32.0 100 % mean 8.248.547.57.25.99.8 stdv 2.6 1.80.60.12.4 Trial 1 : Power Station Wastewater - Results
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growth period (day) stem length (cm) flower diameter (cm) vase life (day) water use per flower (L) Treatment 1 mean 35.846.38.05.510.8 stdv 1.98.90.700.3 Treatment 2 mean 35.846.18.15.010.7 stdv 4.02.20.20 Treatment 3 mean 38.837.27.65.710.4 stdv 6.43.40.300.0 RO H2O mean 35.146.78.15.310.3 stdv 2.24.20.200.5 Trial 2 : Aquaculture Wastewater - Results
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Constructed Wetlands Aquaculture + Power Station Wastewater Floral Hydroponics Multi-Benefit Services Wastewater re-use Floral products Trial 3 Inter-linkage Biodiversity Carbon sequestration and cycling Soil and nutrient retention Direct or indirect water supply Wetland products / tourism / education Water quality enhancement Secondary crop production Minimal skilled / non-skilled labor One time investment
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Trial 3 Power Station + Aquaculture Wastewater - Results wastewater treatment growth period (day) stem length (cm) flower dia (cm) Vase life (d) Liters (l)% bloom 0 % mean 53.668.18.06.016.7100.0 stdv 1.012.91.00.00.70.0 50 % mean 51.366.88.05.716.2100.0 Stdv 5.410.50.40.31.20.0 100 % mean 46.562.77.25.816.740.0 Stdv 6.920.20.20.41.354.8
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Hydroponic rose culture supported by power station wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and combined power station / aquaculture wastewater are a viable re-use options as flower growth and quality is not impacted. Experiment Conclusion
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The Model
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Seminar Conclusion
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Experiments completed suggest that…. 1)Re-use of water and wastewater can better support the needs of industrial, agribusiness, and environmental community sectors if integration methods are employed. 2)Wetlands are well suited for integration with aquaculture. 3)Floral hydroponics is a viable wastewater re-use option.
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Linkages of Aquaculture - Wetlands - Hydroponics & Industrial Wastewater in Central Queensland (Australia) Dr. Brett Roe Central Queensland University Plant Sciences Group Queensland, Australia breadfish@meee.com.au
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Specific growth rate (SGR is relative growth rate (RGR) multiplied by 100): SGR = RGR x 100 where RGR = [(lnWt – lnW0) / t] Wt = fish fresh weight (g) at harvest; W0 = fish fresh weight (g) at stocking; t = time. nitric acid digestion (Tecator digester block) followed by analyses with an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission System (ICP-OES) against external calibratio
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