1. CONSULTED MANAGEMENT OF A SHARED RESOURCE CASE OF NORTH WESTERN SAHARA AQUIFER SYSTEM USGS / IAEA GEF-IW:LEARN Groundwater Study

2. GREAT SHARED CIRCUM SAHARA BASINS

3. BASINS CHARACTERISTICS Basin Countries sharing the basin Area in km2 Reserves in billion of m3 Northern Sahara Nubian sandstone Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Tchad 2.000.000150.0006.000 Septentrional Sahara Algeria, Tunisia, Libya1.000.00060.0008 à 10 Southern Sahara LakeTchad Tchad, Niger, Cameroun, Nigeria 350.00020 Iullemenden Niger, Mali, Algeria200.00040.000200 Taoudéni Mali, Mauritania, Algeria500.0002.00025 Senegalo- Mauritanian Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Gambia 30.00050020

4. CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITIES SIGNIFICANT RESERVES BUT SLIGHTLY RENEWABLE VOLUMES LIMITS ECONOMICALLY EXPLOITABLE FOR AGRICULTURE GROWTH NEEDS NON CONSULTED MANAGEMENT

5. SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT BASIN AWARENESS KNOWLEDGE CONTROL COOPERATION AND TECHNICAL EXCHANGE PERMANENT CONSULTATION NWSAS BASIN

6. 1ST PHASE OF NWSAS PROJECT / 1999 - 2002

7. INFORMATION SYSTEM : Common data base Common GIS MATHEMATICAL MODEL Integration of the whole basin (for the first time) Realization of the Simulations CONSULTATION MECHANISM Shared vision Sustainable management of the basin NWSAS PROJECT COMPONENT

8. NWSAS LIMITS CI CT

9. AREA1.000.000 km 2 THEORETICAL RESERVES60.000 Billion of m 3 THEORETICAL RECHARGE1 Milliard de m 3 /an TERMINAL COMPLEX AREA : 600 000 km² RECHARGE : 600 Mm 3 /an INTERCALARY CONTINENTAL AREA : 1 000 000 km² RECHARGE : 300 Mm 3 /an TWO AQUIFER SYSTEM GENERAL DATA

10. ERGS CHOTTS SEBKHAS REDUCTION OF AVAILABLE AREAS WATER QUALITY SALINISATION TEMPERATURE SOILS - DISPONIBILITY - QUALITY - HEAVY INVESTMENT WELLS DEPTH (50 – 2500 m) PRODUCTIVITY (10 l/s – 200 l/s) PUMPING COST OBSTACLES TO SOIL OCCUPATION

11. NWSAS GEOLOGICAL MAP

12. WEST –EAST SECTION

13. QUALITY PROTECTION PUMPING DEPTH SAVING OF THE EXISTENT LOW EXPLOITABLE VOLUMES / SIGNIFICANT RESERVES MOBILISATION CONDITIONS

14. NEEDS (m3/y) 1970 2000 2030 600 Millions2.5 Billions8 Billions POPULATION (Millions) 1.04.08 IRRIGATED AREAS 50.000 ha170.000 ha400.000 ha COUNTRIES ALGERIA + LIBYEA + TUNISIA PROJECTED ABSTRACTION

15. 0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,1 2,4 2,7 19501955196019651970197519801985199019952000 TOTAL ABSTRACTION IN NWSAS Billions m3/y LYBIA TUNISIA ALGERIA Abstraction > Recharge ABSTRACTION EVOLUTION

16. WATER POINTS EVOLUTION CI CT

17. WATER POINTS EVOLUTION : 1960

18. 1970 WATER POINTS EVOLUTION : 1970

19. 1980 WATER POINTS EVOLUTION : 1980

20. 1990 WATER POINTS EVOLUTION : 1990

21. 2000 WATER POINTS EVOLUTION : 2000

22. ABSTRACTION CONSEQUENCES - Salted water - Salted water - Artésianisme disappearance - Excessive pumping height - Tunisian outlet depletion - Foggaras depletion in Algeria - Interferences : drawdown between countries - Interferences : drawdown between countries - Saline intrusion in the golf of Syrte in Libya

23. Chott Aquifer Chott Flow inversion Rising flow Fresh water salted water wells Piezometric level piezometric level Aquifer Risky situation Natural state RISKS AT THE CHOTTS LEVEL

24. TERMINAL COMPLEX 1950  2050 SCENARIO ZERO CURRENT SITUATION ABSTRACTION SIMULATIONS

25. RISKS IN CHOTTS AREAS : ARTESIANISM DISAPPEARANCE AND WATER SALINISATION

26. RISKS IN THE CHOTTS AREA : ARTESIANISM DISAPPEARANCE AND WATER SALINISATION

27. RISKS IN CHOTTS AREA : ARTESIANISM DISAPPEARANCE AND WATER SALINISATION

28. ARTESIANISM

29. INTERCALARY CONTINENTAL 1950  2050 SCENARIO ZERO Current situation ARTESIANISM EVOLUTION

30. 1950 mètres ARTESIANISM

31. 1970 mètres ARTESIANISM

32. 1990 mètres ARTESIANISM

33. 2010 mètres ARTESIANISM

34. 2030 mètres ARTESIANISM

35. 2050 mètres ARTESIANISM

36. INTER COUNTRIES INTERFERENCES

37. Previsional water demand (2050) COUNTRYAbstraction 2000 in billion m 3 /year Water demand frame 2050 in billion m3/year ALGERIA1,30Scenario I : 2,00 Scenario II : 3,00 LIBYA0,400,84 TUNISIA0,51Current situation SCENARIOS OF THE THREE COUNTRIES

38. Six exploratory simulations :  Algeria : Low Hypothesis  Algeria : High Hypothesis  Libya : deficit resorption 2030  Libya : Ghadames field  Libya : Abstractions Impacts of Djebel Hassaouna  Tunisia : maintaining abstraction 2000 EXPLORATORY SIMULATIONS

39. CONSEQUENCES TO CI : WITHDRAWALS 2050

40. Study and results validation by the countries Recommendations : localisation of water potentialities respecting the following constraints: Maintaining of artesianism Protection of foggaras Protection of tunisian outlet Protection of water quality Acceptable pumping heigh SCENARIOS REVISION AND STRATEGY

41. POTENTIAL ABSTRACTION ZONES IN CT AlgeriaTunisiaLybia

42. AlgeriaTunisiaLybia POTENTIAL ABSTRACTION ZONES IN CI

43. MICRO MODEL

44. ALGERIATUNISIALIBYA ABSTRACTION IN BILLION m3/y Present 2000 1.5 0.5 Additional 2050 2.50.00.8 NWSAS Results 6.00.71.0 WATER POINTS6500 1200 1100 RISKS NATIONAL SHARED NEW SIMULATIONS RESULTS

45. NWSAS MAP OF RISKS Jufrah Western Basin Oued Mya Artesian Basin Syrte Tunsian outlet Chotts

46. Consultation Mechanism in its first phase Development of a permanen tripartie mechanism for the NWSAS common management and of which attributions are : -monitoring indicator production, - development of data base and models, - promotion of studies, research and training - réflexion sur l’évolution future du mécanisme Steering Committee Coordination Unit NWSAS/OSS Focal Point (ANRH) Focal Point (DGRE) Focal Point (GWA) Research Institutions- centers. Institutions- Research

47. -After this phase of investigation, what does the future hold for NWSAS? The technical problems which the NWSAS countries have encountered are prompting them to work together: : - partnership relations throughout the NWSAS project, forged mutual confidence among the technical teams and conviction that joint actions increase the effectiveness of solutions.. ROME workshop, December 20th 2002 Photo M.BESBES

48. TRANSPARENCY AND CAPITALISATION OF THE INFORMATION DYNAMIC OF EXCHANGE WITH SOLIDARITY TOWARDS THE RISK NWSAS PROJECT RESULTS CONSULTATION MECHANISM

49. MIXED COMMISSION DECISION MAKERS WILL FOR CONSULTATION NWSAS PROJECT RESULTS LACK OF HARMONIZED TECHNICAL DATA PRESENT SITUATION PRECEDENT SITUATION AVAILABLE HARMONISED TECHNICAL DATA CONSULTATION TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR DECISION MAKERS LACK OF GLOBAL VISION SHARED MANAGEMENT OF RIKS DATA EXCHANGE

50. THE PROJECT SECOND PHASE 2003 – 2005

51. Sub-regional model Specific Studies impacts socio-economic Analysis Environmental impacts Analysis Operationnality of Consultation Mechanism SECOND PHASE COMPONENT

52. SUB-REGIONAL MODEL

53. - SETTING UP OF COMMON SURVEY AND MONITORING NETWORK -CHOTTS BASIN -GHADAMES BASIN - DATA BANK SPECIFIC STUDIES

54. SOCIO-ECONOMIC OF MODELLED REGIONS IRRIGATION METHODES AT THE SCALE OF ALL NWSAS BASIN TYPE OF CROPS AND IMPACTS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

55. water quality Soils Salinisation Analyse of environmental risks Risks linked to phreatic aquifer Recharge Zones Wet Lands ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

56. -AGRICULTURE -ENVIRONMENT -USERS -LOCAL DECISION MAKERS -ONG -Etc … FOR : CONTRIBUTION SENSIBILISATION ADHERENCE EXTENSION TO THE OTHER PARNERS

57. Terms of reference: - operating of the structure - legal and institutional aspect - data base administration - modes of exchange and network monitoring - periodical updating related to abstractions, piezometry and quality - updating of models simulations - establishment of permanent structure - Financing modalities, periodical productions … CONSULTATION MECHANISM

58. END