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Carey Jang, Air Quality Modeling Group USEPA/OAQPS CMAS Workshop, RTP, 10/20/2004 CMAS Workshop, RTP, 10/20/2004 Applications of CMAQ over the Pacific Region (Trans-Pacific, U.S. and China)
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OUTLINE Applications of Models-3/CMAQ System over the Pacific Region –Trans-Pacific Transport Modeling of PM, O 3, and Hg –U.S. and China Modeling Comparisons –Overview of China Regional and Urban Air Quality Modeling for Beijing Olympic 2008
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Trans-Pacific (ICAP) Modeling Domain 12 km western US domain 36 km western US domain 36 km eastern US domain 36 km Annual National US domain 12 km domain 4 km domain Model-3/CMAQ Applications at EPA/OAQPS China Modeling Domain U.S. Modeling Domain 2001
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M3/CMAQ Applications at EPA/OAQPS “Intercontinental” (ICAP) Modeling: EPA (Jang, Doll), UNC-CEP (Hanna, Vukovich, Xiu, Adelman), ANL (Streets), Harvard (Jacob), Stanford (Jacobson), U. of TN (Fu), U. of Iowa (Woo), NCSU (Wang, Xie), U. of Houston (Byun) “U.S.” Modeling: EPA Air Quality Modeling Group (Jang, Dolwick, Phillips, Possiel, Timin, Braverman, Houyoux, Fox, etc.) in collaboration with EPA/ORD “China” Modeling: EPA (Jang), U. of TN (Fu), ANL (Streets), U. of Iowa (Woo), NCSU (Wang, Xie), China (Tsinghua Univ., SAES, CRAES)
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Trans-Pacific, U.S., & China Modeling Modeling Tool: U.S.EPA Models-3/CMAQ (“one-atmosphere”, multi-pollutants) system Emissions: North America: l U.S.: NEI 1999 for point, area, mobile & BEIS-3 l Mexico & Canada : 1999 EI & BEIS-3 Asia/China: l TRACE-P/ACE-Asia EI; GEIA for biogenic; l Local emissions for urban Beijing/Shanghai modeling Meteorology: MM5 model (v3.5) for all three modeling domains
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Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP): EPA’s International Modeling Project Trans-Pacific Transport Modeling of PM, O 3, and Hg
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Trans-Pacific Transport of Air Pollutants: PM ICAP Trans-Pacific Modeling Domain
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ICAP Trans-Atlantic Modeling Domain VOC (PAR) Emissions NO x Emissions
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PM 2.5 (monthly average, 2001) ug/m3 80 40 ug/m3 JanuaryJuly AprilOctober
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PM 2.5 & Species ( July average, 2001) SO 2 Emissions ug/m3 40 4 10 20 10 2 ug/m3 PM 2.5Sulfate PM Nitrate PMOrganic PM Other PM 2.5 Elemental Carbon
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Ozone (Daily max, July 2001) July 12 July 1~31
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July 2001, Monthly Sum Total Mercury Deposition January 2001, Monthly Sum
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PM 2.5 (Monthly Average, µ g/m 3 ) Impact from Asian Man-made Emissions PM 2.5 (Monthly Average, µ g/m 3 ) Impact from Asian Man-made Emissions 22 ug/m3 2 2 JanuaryApril July October (Base case – Asian manmade emissions removed) ug/m3
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July O 3 monthly avg. impact April O 3 monthly avg. impact 4 ppb 4 O 3 (Monthly Average, ppb) O 3 (Monthly Average, ppb) Impact from Asian Man-made Emissions
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2001 (Base) IPCC 2030 A1B (Growth) IPCC 2030 B1 (Sustainable Development) NO Emissions SO 2 Emissions January 15, 2001
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January 2001 (Base Case) IPCC 2030 A1B (Growth Scenarios) IPCC 2030 B1 (Sustainable Development) PM 2.5 (Monthly Average) 100
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July 2001 (Base Case) IPCC 2030 A1B (IPCC Growth Scenarios) IPCC 2030 B1 (Sustainable Development) 70 Ozone (Monthly Average)
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Trans-Pacific (ICAP) Modeling Domain 12 km western US domain 36 km western US domain 36 km eastern US domain 36 km Annual National US domain 12 km domain 4 km domain China Modeling Domain U.S. Modeling Domain 2001 Model-3/CMAQ Applications at EPA/OAQPS
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Phase 2 U.S.-China AQ Management Assessment Project & China AQ Modeling Assessment Pilot Projects 36-km 12-km 4-km China national/regional modeling effort to be completed in Nov. 2003 Beijing & Shanghai urban modeling efforts are underway Phase 1
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China Modeling: PM 2.5 Speciation (July, 2001) Sulfate PMNitrate PM Elemental CarbonOrganic PM 15 5
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U.S. Modeling: PM 2.5 Speciation (July 2001) Sulfate PMNitrate PM Elemental Carbon Organic PM 104 1.5
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2008 (Business as usual) Projected Air Quality over China in 2008 (July 4-20, 2001, episodic average) 2008 (Growth Scenario) 2008 (Control Scenario) PM 2.5 (Man-made emissions + 50%)(Man-made emissions -- 50%) (No change from 2001)
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2008 (Business as usual) Projected Air Quality over China in 2008 (July 4-20, 2001, episodic max) 2008 (Growth Scenario) 2008 (Control Scenario) Ozone (Man-made emissions -- 50%)(Man-made emissions +50%) (No change from 2001)
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China National/ Regional Domain 36-km grid 12-km grid Yangtze River Delta/ Shanghai region 4-km grid Beijing/ Tianjin region 4-km grid China Air Quality Modeling Projects Models-3/CMAQ Applications
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AQ Issues in China/Beijing: PM 2.5 & Ozone Traditional Pollutants (Mr. X. Yu, US-China AQ meeting, DC, 2002) (Prof. Y.H. Zhang, ITAP workshop, Germany, 2002) Ozone PM 2.5 Beijing 100 ppb 15 ug/m 3 200 ppb
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Smog in Beijing, China (Sept. 24, 2004) Smog Impact on Radiative Properties & Thermal Structure (AQ & Climate links)
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Beijing Urban Modeling: (4-km) (July 4-20, 2001, Episode max) O 3 (max) Episode avg.) O 3 (avg.) 160 100 ppb Beijing
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VOC/NOx Ratio (July avg.) China U.S. (July 4-20, 2001, episode avg.) (July 1996, monthly avg.)
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O 3 Indicators (NOx- or VOC-limited) VOC/NOx H 2 O 2 /HNO 3 (July 4-20, 2001, episode avg.)
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(January 4-20, 2001, Episode avg.) Beijing Urban Modeling: (4-km) PM 2.5
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Regional pollutants transport may affect air quality in Beijing Beijing Tianjin pollutants Clouds pollutants (MODIS Satellite Image, December 24, 2003)
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1920 1950 1970 1980 1990 2000 City /Town County State/ Multi-Counties Federal/ Multi-State Air Pollution Control in 21 st Century International
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