1. RIDE YOUR BICYCLE UPWIND Our toxic addiction to vehicles has short term as well as long term effects.

2. November 19, 2008

3. Clean Air Hamilton, Mobile Monitoring Studies McMaster Dept. of Engineering Physics Rotek Environmental City of Hamilton School of Geography and Earth Sciences Ministry of Environment Environment Canada Dept. of Chemistry Centre for Spatial Analysis

4. Industrial Sources

5. The Hamilton Air Quality Initiative Clean Air Hamilton Partners Government Educational Institutions Industry Non-Government Organizations Associations Consultants

6. Clean Air Hamilton Strategy Risk Management Approach Applied to Community Wide Actions Identify Problem Measure/Evaluate Prioritize Risks Inform Community Cooperative Actions www.cleanair.hamilton.ca

7. Good Intentions + Good Science + Good Process = Real Progress

8. The Problem Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003 Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton

9. Health Impacts in Hamilton – by Air Pollutant Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003

10. McMaster Institute of Environment and Health A Public Health Assessment ofMortality and Hospital Admissions Attributable to Air Pollution in Hamilton Prepared by:Talar Sahsuvaroglu, PhD and Michael Jerrett, PhD School of Geography and Geology May, 2003

11. Study Objectives “What are citizens actually exposed to and where is it coming from?” Study components  Using mobile monitoring techniques identify and rank sources, including transportation sources, of NOx, SO 2, Airborne Particles and CO, (no direct local sources of Ozone).  Investigate the effect of idling vehicles at a designated school during student drop off and pickup times.  Investigate trackout/road dust issues

12. National Pollutant Release Inventory

13. National Pollutant Release Inventory Total Point Source Emissions by Contaminant COSO x NO x PM 10 30,63211,8758,1882,010 Tonnes

14. What We’d Expect to See Carbon Monoxide – 66% Transportation, 23% Industry Sulphur Dioxide – 92% Industry, 5% Transportation Nitrogen Oxides – 57% Transportation, 37% Industry PM 10 – 73% Open Sources/Road Dust, 18% Industry Note: MOE identified trackout/road dust resuspension as a major problem

16. Emission Sources by Regions in Hamilton Flamborough/W aterdown East Mtn NE Ind Stny Crk

17. Mobile Command Centre

18. City Wide Sampling

19. NO ppb Residential Sample Industry Wind

20. Air Standards Oxides of Nitrogen - 300 ppb Sulphur Dioxide - 320 ppb Carbon Monoxide - 5 ppm PM 2.5 - 30 ug/m3 PM 10 (U.S.) - 150 ug/m3

21. Roads vs Residential Areas

22. Stoplight Idling – Concentrations Downwind

23. The Problem Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003 Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton

24. (Higher Impacts on Women and Over 60s) Exposure to Traffic and the Onset of Myocardial Infarction, A. Peters et al, NEJM, Oct 21, 2004 Traffic Exposure and Myocardial Infarction

25. Level of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Death from Cardiovascular Causes in Women Miller KA et al. N Engl J Med 2007;356:447-458

26. Pyramid of Health Effects Bronchitis in Children Asthma Symptom Days Emergency room visits  Premature Death Adult Chronic Bronchitis  Hospitalizations Proportion of population affected Severity of health Impact Building Healthy and Suportive Communities

27. Trackout/Diesel Trucks

28. Road Dust, Covariance 20xPM 1, 10xPM 2.5, PM 10

30. Road Dust/Trackout 18 Locations Monitored, 14 Sources Identified USEPA PM 10 ug/m3

31. PM10 ROAD DUST Ben Garden, Savas Kanaroglou, Pat DeLuca, Spatial analysis Unit, McMaster University Industry

32. Workshop Dec 26, 2006 Trackout/Road Dust Reduction 50 attendees including industries, suppliers and government staff

33. Road Dust/Trackout 05/06 18 Locations Monitored, 14 Sources Identified USEPA PM 10 ug/m3 > 1500 ug/m3

34. PM 10 over 1500ug/m3 2007

35. PM 10 over 500 ug/m3 2007

36. Source Tracking

38. Emission Sources by Regions in Hamilton Flamborough/W aterdown East Mtn NE Ind Stny Crk

39. B Sources B

40. Sources A

41. Source V

42. Source AY

43. Monitoring/NPRI Agreement In Descending Order of Agreement SO 2 NO x PM 10 CO

44. Mobile Survey, Phase 2 Monitoring Modeling Monitoring Inversion Days Other

45. Sampling Route, Hamilton

46. Traffic Modelling Julie Wallace, CSPA, McMaster

47. NO March 9 th 2007 Traffic Industry Wind

48. McMaster Model – Rotek Mobile Data Monitoring/Modeling Interaction

49. Diesel Emission Videos Clean Air Task Force http://www.catf.us/projects/diesel/noescape/vi deos.php

50. OPP Accident Hot Spots? Accidents Vehicle Pollution Golder Model

51. Sampling Track, Intersection Impacts, Road/Highway Impacts Wind

53. Hwy 20/Queenston Intersection

54. Wind

55. McMaster Institute of Environment and Health A Public Health Assessment ofMortality and Hospital Admissions Attributable to Air Pollution in Hamilton Prepared by:Talar Sahsuvaroglu, PhD and Michael Jerrett, PhD School of Geography and Geology May, 2003

56. Health Impacts Upwind Downwind Centennial/Queenston Wind

57. 100200300400 500 600700 m Health Impact

58. Wind Health Close-up Centennial/Queenston

59. Wind

60. Sampling Track, Highway Impacts Wind

61. NO QEW Downwind

63. NO 2 QEW Downwind

64. Air Pollution Health Impacts, Inversion Day Impacts

65. Inversion Day

67. SO 2 Wind

68. Inversion Day NO Wind

69. Inversion Day NO 2 Wind

70. Inversion Day Health Impacts Wind

71. Pyramid of Health Effects Bronchitis in Children Asthma Symptom Days Emergency room visits  Premature Death Adult Chronic Bronchitis  Hospitalizations Proportion of population affected Severity of health Impact Building Healthy and Suportive Communities

72. SW SO 2 Wind

73. SW Health Impacts – (PM10 less than 100) Wind

74. SW Health Impacts– PM10 less than 500 Wind

75. SO2 – NE Winds 2005-2007 Consolidated Sampling Track Data Wind

76. SO2 Inversion Surface NE Winds 2005-2007 Consolidated Wind

77. SO2 Inversion Surface Subset Wind

78. NE – Aggregated Health Impact Wind

79. ©2007 A-MAPS Environmental Inc. Satellite Air Quality Mapping: Example of NO 2 distribution map computed from satellite imagery over the Hamilton-GTA on June 30, 2006 A - M a PS Environmental Inc.

80. Options Mapped, web available health impacts of air pollution Mapped AQHI Improve AQHI messaging Reactivate API poor AQ day cutbacks Active AQHI - Combined AQHI and API Ontario consortium Rotek/Amaps/Golder/CSPA Market local, city AQHIs Manufacture, export MMUs

81. Future Directions Anti idling campaign, particularly schools Highway diesel emission testing at weigh stations Highway/Road Tree planting Fugitive emission and diesel controls Fleet Purchasing - Aldermen/ City Council/GTA/Provincial actions Comparative study of GTA communities Study of highway accident black spots/noise wall/valley effects

82. Future Directions Hamilton/McMaster respiratory/cardiac daily index Daily air pollution health map of Hamilton/Southern Ontario Air Pollution Index emission controls Present data to Health Sciences, advice to physicians Publish data to web – GeoConnections Incorporate data in epidemiological studies

83. Future Directions Comparative monitoring of different socioeconomic areas Different season/atmospheric conditions/smog day monitoring Study of cardiac/respiratory admissions with hard exposure data Red Hill Expressway School Bus Idling

84. www.cleanair.hamilton.ca http://www.cleanair.hamilton.ca/reports/report s-news-presentations-fact-sheets.asp www.rotekinc.com

85. Alternatives ZPM, Compressed Air, $18,000, 2009 U.S. CAFE Foundation, $250,000 Prize Commuter air car (Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency Foundation) Electrovaya, Mississauga. Jan 2008 Maya 300 Electric 200 km range Electric Scooter $2000 Clean Air Fair