1. PIANC Port of Barranquilla Access Channel John Headland, PIANC VP, SVP Moffatt& Nichol Dr. Rafael Canizares, PhD, Moffatt & Nichol Santiago Alfageme, VP, Moffatt & Nichol

2. PIANC

3. The Magdalena River Average Discharge: –Amazonas 175,000 m3/s (1) –Mississippi 17,500 m3/s (12) –Magdalena 7,200 m3/s (>20) Amazonas = 25 X Magdalena Mississippi = 2.5 X Magdalena Sediment: –Amazonas 1,200 MT/año (1) –Mississippi 210 MT/año (7) –Magdalena 220 MT/año (6) Amazonas = 5.5 X Magdalena Mississippi = 0.95 X Magdalena Source: J. Restrepo, John Milliman 1995

4. PIANC Access Channel – Design depth Handymax Vessel (T=33 ft, L= 200 m, B= 26 m) 40.0 ft at entrance 37.5 ft in channel 36.5 ft at terminal Source:USACE/PIANC

5. PIANC Barranquilla OBRAS DE PROFUNDIZACION DEL CANAL DE ACCESO AL PUERTO DE BARRANQUILLA

6. PIANC Structure Locations 1 0 2 3 5-Dique Guia 6 June 2011

7. PIANC Structure Design Functional design based on analytical and numerical modeling considering the number and length of structures Armor stone weights based on current velocities and waves “Falling Apron” used to accomodate scour

8. PIANC Espolón 1

9. PIANC Espolón 1

10. PIANC Predicted Morphology

11. PIANC Channel Evolution 2005-08 Profundidad (Pies por debajo de nivel del mar)

12. PIANC Depths 2006-2008

13. PIANC 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ PREDICTED MEASURED

14. PIANC 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ PREDICTED MEASURED

15. PIANC 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ PREDICTED MEASURED

16. PIANC 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ PREDICTED MEASURED

17. PIANC Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena JULIO 2012

18. PIANC JULIO 2012 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena June 2011 July 2012 5-Dique Guia 6 6 5-Dique Guia

19. PIANC JUNE 2011 JULY 2012 52.5’ 39.4’ 32.8’ 29.5’ 24.6’ 16.4’ <16.4’ 1 0 2 3 1 0 2 3

20. PIANC Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena JULIO 2012

21. PIANC Areas of Concern (Uninorte/M&N - 2011) Entrance Channel Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena

22. PIANC Entrance Channel Sediment Bar at the entrance Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena Areas of Concern (Uninorte/M&N - 2011)

23. PIANC Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena Entrance Channel Sediment Bar at the entrance Discontinuity atl E0-E1 Areas of Concern (Uninorte/M&N - 2011)

24. PIANC Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena Entrance Channel Sediment Bar at the entrance Discontinuity atl E0-E1 Discontinuity at K14-K16 Areas of Concern (Uninorte/M&N - 2011)

25. PIANC Entrance Channel Sediment Bar at the entrance Discontinuity atl E0-E1 Discontinuity at K14-K16 Displacement downstream of Rondón island Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena Areas of Concern (Uninorte/M&N - 2011)

26. PIANC Focus Areas of Concern Approach Channel Sediment Bar Access Channel Limitations

27. PIANC APPROACH CHANNEL

28. PIANC Approach Angle Simulations Simulated Conditions 10,500 m3/s Wind: 15 knots NW Waves: 1 m, 8 s, NW Transit speed 9 knots (ground speed)

29. PIANC Approach Channel Original approach=150 o degrees, lately 140 o is used 2 sediment bars on NE side of entrance channel limit vessel draft A safe entrance approach manuever was developed using fast-time simulation with Pilot Input

30. PIANC Sediment Transport Regime At Mouth Low Q Average Q High Q

31. PIANC Bed Load Sediment Transport at Bocas Desplazamiento de la isobata de 20 m entre 2007 al 2010 Source: Universidad del Norte

32. PIANC Approach Channel Dredge to 40’ November 2011(green & yellow) By July 2012 Bars fill channel Source: Universidad del Norte/Cormagdalena July 2012

33. PIANC Future Work/Solutions Additional analyses/data to better define sediment transport Design a maintained sediment trap to avoid formation and growing of the sediment bars Continue dredging of the existing approach channel to maintain the design draft

34. PIANC SEDIMENT BAR AT BOCAS DE CENIZA (K0)

35. PIANC Salt to Fresh water transition – Possible location of ETM

36. PIANC Example: January 2009 to March 2009 1. High to Medium Flow

37. PIANC 2. Transition to Low Flow Example: December 2009 to February 2010

38. PIANC Example: May 2010 to July 2010 3. Transition to High Flow

39. PIANC Sediment transport regime at the mouth Low Q Average Q High Q

40. PIANC Bottom currents Low Q Average Q High Q

41. PIANC Status Sediment bar formed again in October 2012 after 4 months of average flows 5,500 to 6,700 m 3 /s The bar will likely erode when discharge increases to 8,000 in December Source: Cormagdalena October, 30 2012

42. PIANC Access channel limitations

43. PIANC Access Channel Limitations Handymax: 200m, 26 m, 33 ft Panamax: 260 m, 32 m, 39.5 ft Post Panamax: 300m, 42 m, 46 ft 1-way straight channel width is 2.5 to 5 x vessel beam Simulations are required to define the design channel width.

44. PIANC Channel access is limited A turning basin is problematic due to large river sediment transport rates Larger draft will required more training structures that narrow the river cross section But larger vessels need more width Study needed to define the maximum vessel dimension that could have safe access to Barranquilla Access Channel Limitations

45. PIANC Creative People, Practical Solutions. TM Muchas Gracias ! Moffatt & Nichol Colombia S.A.S Avenida 9 No. 113-52, Of. 1201 Bogotá D.C., Colombia P +57.1.742.9059