1. Lecture 26: Numerical Integration Trapezoid rule Simpson's rule Simpson's 3/8 rule Boole’s rule Newton-Cotes Formulas

2. trapezoid1.m trapezoid1test.m function f1=trapezoid1(func1,a,b,n) %Integration function func1 %using composite trapezoid rule at n points between a and b h=(b-a)/n; f1=func1(a)/2; for i=1:n-1 f1=f1+func1(a+i*h); end f1=f1+func1(b)/2; f1=h*f1;

3. %examples of use of function f1=trapezoid1(func1,a,b,n) %Integration function func1 %using composite trapezoid rule at n points between a and b a=1; b=5; f1=inline('exp(-x)') disp(['a=',num2str(a),' b=',num2str(b)]) %display limits of integration intexact=-exp(-b)+exp(-a); i=1:10; nvec=2.^(i); for i=1:length(nvec) f1int=trapezoid1(f1,a,b,nvec(i)); disp(['n=',num2str(nvec(i)),' Error in composite trapezod rule =',num2str(f1int-intexact)]); %display value of function f(x) end

4. >> trapezoid1test f1 = Inline function: f1(x) = exp(-x) a=1 b=5 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.11305 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.029605 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0074926 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.001879 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00047011 n=64 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00011755 n=128 Error in composite trapezod rule =2.9389e-005 n=256 Error in composite trapezod rule =7.3474e-006 n=512 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.8369e-006 n=1024 Error in composite trapezod rule =4.5922e-007

5. a=0; b=2*pi; f1=inline('exp(sin(x)^2)') disp(['a=',num2str(a),' b=',num2str(b)]) %display limits of integration intexact=trapezoid1(f1,a,b,200); i=1:5; nvec=2.^(i); for i=1:length(nvec) f1int=trapezoid1(f1,a,b,nvec(i)); disp(['n=',num2str(nvec(i)),' Error in composite trapezod rule =',num2str(f1int-intexact)]); %display value of function f(x) end

6. f1 = Inline function: f1(x) = exp(sin(x)^2) a=0 b=6.2832 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =-4.7337 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.66447 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0034145 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =7.8954e-009 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =-3.5527e-015 f1 = Inline function: f1(x) = exp(sin(x)^2) a=0 b=0.7854 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.021343 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.005305 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0013228 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00032898 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =8.0649e-005

7. a=0; b=pi/4; f1=inline('exp(sin(x)^2)') disp(['a=',num2str(a),' b=',num2str(b)]) %display limits of integration intexact=trapezoid1(f1,a,b,200); i=1:5; nvec=2.^(i); for i=1:length(nvec) f1int=trapezoid1(f1,a,b,nvec(i)); disp(['n=',num2str(nvec(i)),' Error in composite trapezod rule =',num2str(f1int-intexact)]); %display value of function f(x) end

8. simpson1.m simpson1test.m function f1=simpson1(func1,a,b,n) %Integration function func1 %using composite simpson rule at n points between a and b h=(b-a)/n; f1=func1(a); for i=1:(n/2-1) f1=f1+4*func1(a+(2*i-1)*h)+2*func1(a+(2*i)*h); end f1=f1+4*func1(a+(n-1)*h)+func1(b); f1=(h/3)*f1;

9. %examples of use of function f1=simpson1(func1,a,b,n) %Integration function func1 %using composite Simpson's rule at n points between a and b; n must be even a=1; b=5; f1=inline('exp(-x)') disp(['a=',num2str(a),' b=',num2str(b)]) %display limits of integration intexact=-exp(-b)+exp(-a); i=1:10; nvec=2.^(i); for i=1:length(nvec) f1int=simpson1(f1,a,b,nvec(i)); disp(['n=',num2str(nvec(i)),' Error in composite trapezod rule =',num2str(f1int-intexact)]); %display value of function f(x) end …

10. >> simpson1test f1(x) = exp(-x) a=1 b=5 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.021369 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0017902 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00012176 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =7.7793e-006 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =4.8892e-007 n=64 Error in composite trapezod rule =3.06e-008 n=128 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.9132e-009 n=256 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.1958e-010 n=512 Error in composite trapezod rule =7.4751e-012 n=1024 Error in composite trapezod rule =4.6674e-013 The same function with composite trapezoid rule: a=1 b=5 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.11305 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.029605 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0074926 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.001879 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00047011 n=64 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.00011755 n=128 Error in composite trapezod rule =2.9389e-005 n=256 Error in composite trapezod rule =7.3474e-006 n=512 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.8369e-006 n=1024 Error in composite trapezod rule =4.5922e-007

11. Exercise Compute integral of function e^(-x^2) between a=0 and b=10 using composite trapezoid and composite Simpson’s rules for n=2,4,8,…, 1024. Compare with exact answer = sqrt(pi)/2 Use simpson1test.m as example.

12. >> inclass26 f1 = Inline function: f1(x) = exp(-x^2) a=0 b=10 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.78044 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =-0.046459 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =-0.1186 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =-0.0010671 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =-6.2875e-012 n=64 Error in composite trapezod rule =0 n=128 Error in composite trapezod rule =2.2204e-016 n=256 Error in composite trapezod rule =5.5511e-016 n=512 Error in composite trapezod rule =0 n=1024 Error in composite trapezod rule =-1.3323e-015 The same function with composite trapezoid rule: a=0 b=10 n=2 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.6138 n=4 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.3686 n=8 Error in composite trapezod rule =0.0032014 n=16 Error in composite trapezod rule =1.8863e-011 n=32 Error in composite trapezod rule =0 n=64 Error in composite trapezod rule =-1.1102e-016 n=128 Error in composite trapezod rule =-1.1102e-016 n=256 Error in composite trapezod rule =-4.4409e-016 n=512 Error in composite trapezod rule =-6.6613e-016 n=1024 Error in composite trapezod rule =-4.4409e-016