1. ROOT Root Commands and CINT Functions and Fitting (The Tree Viewer)

2. ROOT The ROOT Home: http://root.cern.ch http://root. The ROOT Team: Rene Brun & Fons Rademakers

3. Finding Examples The ROOT Tutorials: http://root.cern.ch/root/Tutorials.html http://root.cern.ch/root/Tutorials.html The ROOT How To's: http://root.cern.ch/root/Howto.html http://root.cern.ch/root/Howto.html For on-line help for a particular topic it's very useful to use their facility to search the ROOT site. http://root.cern.ch/roothttp://root.cern.ch/root

4. CINT Basics Last time GUI Today Command Line (CINT) Scripts (CINT) Functions and Fitting TreeViewer

5. Command Line Basics Use up and down arrows to recall commands History file: $HOME/.root_hist Use emacs commands to navigate

6. Command line Environment Settings Command types CINT Commands Global Variables TObject

7. Environment Settings Environment setting file: $ROOTSYS/etc/system.rootrc looks first in current directory for.rootrc second in $HOME/.rootrc third in $ROOTSYS/etc/system.rootrc Find the current settings root[] gEnv->Print()

8. Environment Settings (cont.) The.rootrc file: The Macro Path Unix.*.Root.MacroPath:.:$(HOME)/myRootMacros Options in.rootrc Root.ShowPath: false History File $HOME/.root_hist Automatically Executing Macros rootlogon.C rootlogoff.C rootalias.C

9. Command Line Options > root -/? Usage: root [-l] [-b] [-n] [-q] [file1.C... fileN.C] Options: -b : run in batch mode without graphics -n : do not execute logon and logoff macros as specified in.rootrc -q : exit after processing command line macro files -l : do not show splash screen

10. Three Types of Commands 1. CINT commands start with “.” root[0].? this command will list all the CINT commands root[1].X [filename] load [filename] and execute function [filename] root[2].L [filename] load [filename] 2. SHELL commands start with “.!” for example: root[3].! ls

11. Three Types of Commands 3. C++ syntax (almost) root [0] TBrowser *b = new TBrowser() or root [0] TBrowser *b = new TBrowser(); The optional Semicolon: Leave off the semicolon to see the return value of the command. root [0] 23+5 // show return value (int)28 root [1] 23+5; // no return value root [2]

12. Command Line Help Use the Tab feature to get help … root [0] b = new TB root [1] b = new TBrow root [2] b = new TBrowser( Find List of Methods Find Parameter list

13. Coding Conventions Based on Taligent Classes begin with T TTree, TBrowser Non-class types end with _t Int_t Data members begin with ffTree Member functions begin with a capital Loop() Constants begin with k kInitialSize, kRed Static variables begin with g gEnv Static data members begin with fg fgTokenClient

14. CINT Types

15. CINT Extensions to C++ 1. Declaration can be omitted f = new TFile("Example.root") 2. "." notation rather than "->" f.ls() 3. Search for an object by its name TH1F *smallHisto = new TH1F (" small ","fPx 100",100,-5,5); small ->Draw(); Warning: These will not work in compiled code!

16. CINT Commands [expression] evaluates the expression root[3] 3*4 (int)12.files show loaded source files.class [name] show class definition.g prints all objects in the root session.ls ls on current directory.pwdlist the current directory, canvas, and style.

17. Demo on CINT Commands.class root [0].L $ROOTSYS/test/libEvent.so root [1].class Event.g root [2].g... 0x104c7560 Event e, size=56 0x0 private: Int_t fNtrack 0x0 private: Int_t fNseg 0x0 private: Int_t fNvertex...

18. CINT Multi-line Command Start with "{" For example: root [] { end with '}'> Int_t j = 0; end with '}'> for (Int_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) end with '}'> { end with '}'> j= j + i; end with '}'> cout <<"i = " <<i<<", j = " <<j<<endl; end with '}'> } i = 0, j = 0 i = 1, j = 1 i = 2, j = 3

19. Global Variables gRandom gRandom->Gaus(1,2) You can replace the random generator with your own: delete gRandom; gRandom = new TRandom2(0); //seed=0 gFile gFile->GetName() gDirectory gDirectory->GetName() gSystem gSystem->HostName()

20. gROOT global ROOT session object gROOT->GetListOf (); gROOT->LoadMacro(); gROOT->Time(); gROOT->ProcessLine()

21. Resetting the Environment gROOT->Reset() Calls destructors of all objects created on the stack Objects on Heap are not deleted, but pointer variable is disassociated

22. TObject: The Mother of all Root objects Defines protocol and default behavior for all objects in ROOT. – I/O – Drawing/Painting – TObjects can be stored in collection classes. – Introspection, Reflection, Runt Time Type Identification

23. Command Line Basics

24. Saving the Canvas The save options: Postscript gif ROOT file Macro Save as a ROOT file: Open the saved ROOT file (c1.root) and draw the canvas root[2] > c1.Draw();

25. Open a File Open a file for reading root [] TFile f("Example.root") Look at the contents of the file root [] f.ls() TFile** Example.root ROOT file TFile* Example.root ROOT file KEY: TTree myTree;1 Example ROOT tree KEY: TH1F totalHistogram;1 Total Distribution KEY: TH1F mainHistogram;1 Main Contributor KEY: TH1F s1Histogram;1 First Signal KEY: TH1F s2Histogram;1 Second Signal

26. Writing Scripts Named Scripts Un-named Scripts

27. Scripts Un-named Script Start with "{" and end with "}" All variables are in the global scope No class definitions No function declarations No parameters Named Script C++ functions Scope rules follow standard C++ Function with the same name as the file is executed with a.x Parameters Class definitions (derived from a compiled class at your own risk)

28. Scripts Examples Un-named Script: hello.C { cout << "Hello" << endl; } Named Script:say.C void say(char * what = "Hello") { cout << what << endl; } Executing the Named Script root [3].x say.C Hello root [4].x say.C("Hi there") Hi there

29. Command Line Basics

30. Functions and Fitting Function Objects (TF1) Three constructors for TF1 User Defined Functions Fitting Fit() Fitting with a user defined function Fitting subranges and combining functions Demonstration of background and signal function

31. Function Objects (TF1) Built in function objects see this link for a full list of built in functions http://root.cern.ch/root/html/TFormula.html#TFormula:TFormula use the Fit Panel Creating your own function objects TF1, TF2, TF3 Three Signatures for the TF1 constructor

32. TF1 Constructors 1. A C++ like expression using x with a fixed set of operators and functions defined in TFormula TF1 *f1 = new TF1("f1", "sin(x)/x",0,10); f1->Draw(); TF1 *f2 = new TF1("f2","f1 * 2",0,10);

33. TF1 Constructors (cont.) 2. Same as the previous TF1 with Parameters Call the constructor with parameter indices TF1 *f1 = new TF1 ("f1","[0] *x*sin( [1] *x)",-3,3); See TFormula for valid expressions Set the parameters explicitly f1->SetParameter(0,10); f1->SetParameter(1,5); f1->Draw();

34. TF1 Constructors (cont.) 3. Use a defined function Define a function Double_t MyFunction(Double_t *x, Double_t *par){ Float_t xx =x[0]; Double_t val= TMath::Abs(par[0]*sin(par[1]*xx)/xx); return val; } TF1 constructor TF1 *f1 = new TF1("f1",MyFunction,0,10,2); NOTE: The 2 is the number of parameters in MyFunction. Set the parameters f1->SetParameters(2,1);

35. Fitting To fit a histogram: TF1 *fn1 = new TF1 ("f1","[0] *x*sin([1]*x)",-3,3); f1->SetParameters(10,5); aHistogram->Fit("f1"); //name aHistogram->Fit(fn1); // pointer

36. Fitting: Example Step 1. Define the function: Double_t MyFunction (Double_t *x, Double_t *par) { Double_t arg= 0; if (par[2]) arg = (x[0] - par[1])/par[2]; Double_t fitval = par[0] * TMath::Exp(-0.5*arg*arg); return fitval; }

37. Fitting (cont.) Step 2. TF1 constructor TF1 *aFunction = new TF1("MyGaus", MyFunction, -5,5,3); Step 3. Set initial value of the parameters aFunction->SetParameters(5000, h->GetMean(), h->GetRMS()); Step 4. Fit and draw the histogram h->Fit("MyGaus");

38. Fitting Sub-Ranges Example $ROOTSYS/tutorials/multifit.C Define the range in the TF1 constructor. TF1 *g1 = new TF1("g1", "gaus", 85,95); By default, TH1::Fit on the defined histogram range. Use "R" option in the Fit() method. h->Fit("g1", "R");

39. Fitting Subranges

40. Fitting Subranges++ Define gaussian functions g1 = new TF1("m1","gaus",85,95); g2 = new TF1("m2","gaus",98,108); g3 = new TF1("m3","gaus",110,121); total = new TF1("mstotal","gaus(0)+gaus(3)+gaus(6)",85,125); From TFormula: gaus(0) is a substitute for : [0]*exp(-0.5*((x-[1])/[2])**2) and (0) means start numbering parameters at 0

41. Fitting Sub-Ranges++ Fit each range and get the parameter for "total" h->Fit(g1,"R"); h->Fit(g2,"R+"); h->Fit(g3,"R+"); g1->GetParameters(&par[0]); g2->GetParameters(&par[3]); g3->GetParameters(&par[6]); total->SetParameters(par); h->Fit(total,"R+")

42. Signal and Background Demo y(E) = a 1 + a 2 E + a 3 E 2 + A P (  / 2  )/( (E-  ) 2 + (  /2) 2 ) backgroundlorenzianPeak par[0] = a 1 par[0] = A P par[1] = a 2 par[1] =  par[2] = a 3 par[2] =  fitFunction = background (x, par ) + lorenzianPeak (x, &par[3]) par[0] = a 1 par[1] = a 2 par[2] = a 3 par[3] = A p par[4] =  par[5] = 

43. Fitting Demo Look at FittingDemo.C Unnamed Macro fitf.C Named Macro Run FittingDemo.C More info on fitting: http://root.cern.ch/root/html/examples/fit1.C.html http://root.cern.ch/root/html/examples/myfit.C.html http://root.cern.ch/root/html/examples/backsig.C.html

44. The Tree Viewer Overview Drawing Histograms Using Cuts Lego Plots Creating new Variables Saving the Canvas

45. The Tree Viewer root[] myTree->StartViewer() Contents: XYZ Cut Scan Expressions Variables (leaves) Draw option Recording commands Histogram Range Selector IList/OList

46. Drawing Two Histograms Double click on one variable Select Superimpose option Double click on another variable

47. Adding Weight Add a Weight: xmain < 0

48. 2D Lego Plots Draw xmain vs. xs1 Rotating the lego plot

49. Creating a variable 2. Set the name and expression 3. Double click to draw it 1. Create New Expression

50. More Features Record: 1)Command is recorded in history file ($HOME/root_hist) 2)Is printed on the command line Scan: 1) Drag and drop variables to scan box 2) Redirect output to a file Saving and recovering a Session: 1) Save the current cuts, expressions into treeviewer.C 2) Read session back

51. The ROOT File A TFile is a directory structure like UNIX Object in Memory (OBJ) Object on Disk (KEY)