1. 1 Review What did Mendel conclude determines inheritance Explain What are dominant and recessive alleles Apply Concepts Why were true breeding pea plants important for Mendel’s experiments 2 Review What is segregation Explain What happens to alleles between the P generation and the F2 generation

2. Ch 11 Introduction to Genetics
11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel

3. Heredity Genetics Delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring
Scientific study of heredity.

4. The Experiments of Gregor Mendel
Founded modern science of genetics
Austrian monk
Charge of the monastery garden.

5. The Experiments of Gregor Mendel
Worked with pea plants
Multiple generations each growing season
Many traits
Traits in one of two forms
Easy to grow
Lots of offspring.

6. The Role of Fertilization
Stamen
Male part of each flower makes pollen (contains sperm)
Carpel
Female portion of each flower produces reproductive cells called eggs.

7. Fertilization Male and female reproductive cells join
For peas tiny embryo encased within a seed
Peas normally are self pollinating
Sperm and egg are from same parent.

8. True-breeding or Pure Breeding
Trait
Specific characteristic of an individual, such as seed color or plant height
May vary from one individual to another
True-breeding or Pure Breeding
Produce offspring with identical traits to themselves.

9. He cut away the pollen-bearing male parts and then dusted on the pollen from a different flower.

10. Hybrid
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

11. Generations P1- original parents F1- first offspring, F is for filial
F2- second generation of offspring; F1’s kids.

13. Mendel’s Two Conclusions
Individual’s characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one parental generation to the next
These factors come in two varieties
Principle of dominance
Some alleles are dominant and will cover up the recessive version of the allele.

14. Genes Alleles Factors that are passed from parent to offspring
Different forms of the gene.

15. Dominant
Version of trait that shows up in each generation of Mendel’s experiments
Can hide the other form of that trait
Capital letter
Recessive
Version that was covered up in the F1 generation
Lower case letter.

16. Tall plant is dominant over short.

17. Where Did the Recessive Gene Go
Mendel allowed all seven kinds of F1 hybrids to self-pollinate
He found recessive trait in about ¼ of the F2 generation.

18. Segregation Gamete Alleles split and each gamete only carries one
Sex cells (egg or sperm).

19. Dominant allele had masked the corresponding recessive allele in the F1 generation.

20. F1 plants were tall with a tall allele from one parent and a short allele from the other parent.

21. F1 adults produces gametes, the alleles for each gene segregate from one another.

22. Whenever two t’s combine, a short plant results
Whenever there is even one T, a tall plant results.