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1 A Cross-Cultural Study of Leadership Attitudes in Three Baltic Sea Region Countries Dr.Audra I.Mockaitis Vilnius University Department of Marketing Email:

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Presentation on theme: "1 A Cross-Cultural Study of Leadership Attitudes in Three Baltic Sea Region Countries Dr.Audra I.Mockaitis Vilnius University Department of Marketing Email:"— Presentation transcript:

1 1 A Cross-Cultural Study of Leadership Attitudes in Three Baltic Sea Region Countries Dr.Audra I.Mockaitis Vilnius University Department of Marketing Email: Audra.I-Mockaitis@ef.vu.lt Laura Šalčiuvienė Kaunas University of Technology Department of Marketing Email: Laura.Salciuviene@ktu.lt

2 2 Aims of the Study Comparison of leadership attitudes in Lithuania, Estonia and Poland –Aspects: Supervision and Control, View toward Authority, Commitment, Conflict Avoidance, Decision Making, Leadership Styles and Initiative –Question: Are there differences in attitudes among respondents in three seemingly ‘close’ countries? The relationship between national cultural values and leadership dimensions –Question: Do cultural values influence attitudes toward leadership in these countries? If yes, to what extent?

3 3 Methodology Cross-cultural methodology ‘rules’: –Sampling strategy –Etic dimensions –Reliability analysis –Isolation of variables Variables –Independent: Hofstede’s cultural dimensions –Dependent: Leadership dimensions (22 items on 10 dimensions)

4 4 Results LithuaniaEstoniaPoland Control4.503.744.94 Supervision3.322.923.51 View toward Authority3.773.784.50 Commitment3.92 4.17 Conflict Avoidance3.353.344.22 Decision Type3.914.563.88 Participation in Decisions4.384.30 Initiative5.145.264.54 Task vs.Relations Orientation 1.711.951.35 Leadership Style2.893.632.66

5 5 Results F1F1 F2F2 Control18.770 *** 17.079 *** Supervision1.8776.313 * View toward Authority13.187 *** 14.570 *** Commitment5.020 * 4.749 * Conflict Avoidance19.418 *** 20.129 *** Decision Type10.727 *** 7.736 ** Participation in Decisions0.0610.014 Initiative18.009 *** 18.151 *** Task vs.Relations Orientation 22.295 *** 26.332 *** Leadership Style27.144 *** 30.966 *** ***, p<.001 **, p=.001 *, p<.01

6 6 Conclusions Culture matters even in apparently ‘similar’ countries Culture is the main explanatory factor for attitudes Hofstede’s dimensions are useful for predicting attitudinal differences and similarities

7 7 Indices on Hofstede’s dimensions IDVPDIUAIMAS Lithuania50456765 Estonia60406030 Poland60689364 Highest index score in Hofstede’s database 91104112110 Lowest index score in Hofstede’s database 61185

8 8 Factor Solution of Leadership Aspects Factor and Items Loadings Factor and Items Loadings Control (  = 0.86) Clear Job Leader Clarifies Leader Instructs.772.768.766 Commitment (  = 0.62) Accept Group Decision Group Incentives Orgztnl Commitment.766.746.738 Participation in Decisions (  = 0.43) More participation Participative Decisions Better.812.767 Initiative (  = 0.73) Personal Success Organizational Success.842.773 View twd Authority (  = 0.67) Top Mgmt Control Privileges Acceptable Manager is Expert Superior Knowledge.808.687.603.412 Supervision (  = 0.63) Supervision Necessary Need for Instructions Supervision Favorable.687.665.399 Decision Type (  = 0.76) Intuitive Decision Maker Intuitive Decisions.840.787

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