1. Solar Assisted Oil Distiller System Design Review P15484 October 2, 2014 Johnathon Wheaton Bruno Moraes Peter Coutts Nathan Johnson Benjamin Wolfe

2. Agenda  Project introduction  Functional Decomposition  Functional Architecture  Morphological Analysis  Pugh Matrix  Concept Selection  Preliminary Test Plan  Updated Risks  Next Steps

3. Project Introduction http://www.anandaapothecary.com/images3/distillation.gif http://www.vetivernur series.co.nz/uploads/ images/3%20Months %20growth%202.JP G

4. Functional Decomposition

5. Functional Architecture

6. Morphological Table

7. System Alternatives

8. Pugh Matrix (1 st iteration)

9. Pugh Matrix (2 nd iteration)

10. Pugh Matrix (3rd iteration)

11. Pugh Matrix Conclusions  Sub-systems are highly independent  Concepts can be combined with varying degrees  Ex. Photovoltaic & Methane burning  Feasibility was one of the most important deciding factors  Solar heating is the greatest design challenge  Must be independently analyzed

12. Solar Heating Requirements  2 gallons of water per distillation process  19.3 MJ (5.36 kWh) required to boil 2 gallons of water (25 °C to 100°C boiling)  Inefficiencies can be supplemented by propane (later methane)  Criteria for selection:  Initial cost  Operating cost  Safety  Lifespan, durability

13. Available Solar Energy  Total average daily energy = 8.47 kWh/m 2 /day

14. Solar Heating Concepts Collector 1.Evacuated tubes 2.Flat plate Concentrators 3.Fresnel Lens 4.Water lens 5.Parabolic reflector 6.Solar trough Photovoltaic Panels

15. Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated Tubes http://tgalsolar.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Edson- Heat-Transfer-300x248.jpg http://www.siliconsolar.com/wp- content/uploads/how-evac-tubes-work.jpg

16. Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated Tubes http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51i5tzmlzuL.jpg

17. Solar Thermal Collectors  Flat Plate Collector http://www.gunt.de/networks/gunt/sites/s2/mmcontent/img/ E3-S-ST-B.jpg http://www.htproducts.com/images/products/Solar-Flat- Plate-Panels-Installed.jpg

18. Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated tubes x Flat Plates - Relative costs - Efficiency

19. Solar Thermal Collectors  Relative costs (evacuated tubes) Temperature difference =75ºC Slope: 3.24 $/W Relative cost average: 3.56 $/W Power (w) Cost (US$)

20. Solar Thermal Collectors  Relative costs (flat plates) Temperature difference =75ºC Slope: 7.34 $/W Relative cost average: 8.20 $/W Power (w) Cost (US$)

21. Solar Thermal Collectors  Efficiency Duda Solar SC5815 Evacuated Tubes Titan Power ALDH29 Flat Plate ΔTΔT Efficiency

22. Solar Thermal Collectors  Efficiency http://www.solardynamix.com/uploads/6/8/1/0/6810974/611 2205.png?312 http://www.aeodexia.com/Images/UpFile/2008123085 258946.gif

23. Photovoltaic Collectors  Solar Panels - Converts the suns radiation into electricity  Charge Controller – Prevents overcharging of the battery  Deep Cycle Battery – Stores energy to offset power fluctuations  Electric Heating Coil – Converts electricity into heat

24. Solar Concentrators  Solar energy through concentrated light  Fresnel Lens  Water Lens  Parabolic Reflector  Solar Trough  Gold Nanoparticles All require tracking

25. Calculations  Broke down energy required for processing:  % needed from solar source: (~6 hours of sun)  111 Watts for 48 hours straight  222 Watts for 2 x 12 hour sessions  Remaining % from propane (methane)  Calculated cost of solar source to meet power requirement  Benchmarking  Calculated cost savings vs 100% propane  Hypothetical payback period

26. Calculations Known Values & Assumptions:

27. Completed Solar Concept Table 48 Hour Continuous Cycle – 111W 24 Hour Cycle Over 2, 12 Hour Processes – 222W

28. Select Concept  Customer feedback  Primary plan: solar trough  Novel idea  Low Cost  Safe  Back-up plan: photovoltaic  Less efficient  Proven concept http://wims.unice.fr/xiao/solar/collector.html http://solarknowledge.blogspot.com/2010_12_01_archive.html

29. All other Sub-systems

30. Boiler  Store bought pressure cooker  Pressure monitor  Lid that clamps sealed  Steam outlet port  Stainless Steel Stock Pot  Simple  Cheap  Ability to be modified

31. http://www.morningmystbotanics.com/images/pdf/distillationpdf/df4316.pdf Wet Wet-Dry Dry Steam Distillation

32. WetWet-Dry Steam Distillation Comparison  Cheapest  ✔  High  Simple  0.25%  Middle  ✔  -  Moderate  0.25% Dry  Most Expensive  ✔  -  Complex  0.08% Cost Feasible Fuel Req. Design Oil Yield  High  0.08% http://www.morningmystbotanics.com/images/pdf/distillationpdf/df4316.pdf

33. Wet-Dry Steam Concepts

34. Condenser  Steam/Oil Mixture must be condensed in order to separate oil from water.  Coil Bath Condenser  Length  Flow

35. Separate Oil  Water must be seperated from oil.  Immiscible fluids separate by density  Ways to separate include:  Manually drawing out oil using pipette  Seperatory Funnel

36. System Costs

37. Water Container Water Flow Solar Trough Steam Flow Plant Matter Container Condenser Oil/Steam Flow Water/Oil Separate by Density Water/Oil Mixture

38. Test Plan Outline TestRelated Engineering Requirement Heating/BoilingS2, S3, S19, S20, S21, S26 SteamingS4, S26 CondensingS26 Collector/SeparatorS5,S6,S26 Oil QualityS22, S23, S24, S25 Total SystemS1, S7, S8, S9 S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18

39.  Heating/Boiler  Time to reach boiling  Continuous steam production  Total water boiled in 1 day  Steaming  Plant material capacity  Ensure steam passes through plant material  Check for pressure build up  Condenser  Steam flow rate  Input/output fluid temp  Operation over time Detailed Test Plan  Collector/Separator  Oil recovery rate  Oil Quality  Quality of store bought oil  Quality of distilled oil  System  Processing time  Ease of use  Area of exposed hot surfaces  Set up and repair tools required  Size and weight

40. We Have Vetiver!  6 sterile plants  Goal: have developed roots to test distillation process  Grown in College of Science Greenhouse

41. Project Management Updates  Added risks:  Vetiver dies  Solar trough does not provide enough energy  Solar tracking is too fragile  Lessons Learned:  Meeting plans are essential  Consult customer early on  MSD tools & templates may need to be adapted to fit the project

42. Next Steps (sub-system design)  Assign sub-system design owners  Identify sub-system interfaces  Determine appropriate dimensions  Select materials  Prepare for tests

43. Questions?