1. European Involvement in T2K Neuchatel June 21, 2004 Dave Wark Imperial College /RAL

3. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark Italy  Padova, Naples, Roma France  Saclay, IN2P3 Spain  Valencia, Barcelona Switzerland  University of Geneva, ETH United Kingdom  Imperial College, QMW, Warwick, RAL, Liverpool, Sheffield ~25 physicists currently, more being sought Mailing list, regular meetings at CERN Many have joined K2K European Groups Ready to Join T2K

4. decay pipe Near detector Target Station  -pit 280m 130m Neutrino Beam Facility Overview Technical Design&Development (Status) Report http://jnusrv01.kek.jp/jnu/nu-TAC/ Primary proton beam line  Normal conducting magnets  Superconducting magnets  Proton beam monitors  Vacuum system  Collimators/beam plug Target station  Target  Horn  Remote handling system Decay pipe Beam dump Muon monitors …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

5. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

7. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark Simulations now being performed at RAL, proposing to do the engineering design

8. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

9. J/gK degree Z R Temperature rise of the target due to the radiation w/ 1 pulse cal. w/ MARS 30mm  graphite target : energy deposit is ~60kJ/spill Thermal stress analysis (incl. shock wave) and cooling system design is now on-going. maximum~ 180J/g Target system

10. 23m Iron shield Helium vessel Machine room Service pit Storage for radioactive material 12m 33m Iron shield Concrete blocks 40 ton crane Target & 1st horn2nd horn3rd horn Final focus Decay volume Concrete structure Ground level Baffle 22m Extremely high radiation environment Neutrino target station Aluminum wall filled with He RALCERN(?)PSI(?)

11. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

12. Where shall we install the monitors FF TS -Beam Arc PS I,C,P C,P I,C,P C,P P P P C, P C, P C, P I,C,P I,P TGT Beam Monitor I : Intensity (CT) C: Center position (LPM) P: Profile (SSEC/RGBPM) BLM will be placed along the beam line.

13. Detector electrons ・ Residual gas is ionized by proton beam ・ Produced electrons are collected by Straight Electric Field. ・ Collected electrons are detected by MCP (Micro Channel Plate) or EMT (Electron Multiplier Tube) equipped with the multi-anodes. ・ Non Destructive ・ Cover the wide range of proton intensity MCP Electric Field Profile Monitor : (2)RGBPM Estimated signal of readout ~ 10 11 [electrons/ch] (J-PARC: 1e^-7 Torr) J-PARC Fast beam  High intensity Magnetic Field is necessary (B>0.03T for a few mm resolution)

14. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

15. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

16. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

17. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

18. 20m  36m 33 22 SK direction 16m 5m FGD MRD Neutron shield ~14m SK Grid  profile beam 1m Conceptual design of the near neutrino detector Off-axis (~2 o ) On-axis (0 o ) Beam direction and stability The detector design is only just started. 3m  and e fluxes and spectra interaction study Kaon contributions (CC-QE, non-QE and  0 ) (w/ Magnet?)

19. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

20. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

21. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark UA1/NOMAD Magnet Advantages greatly reduces expensive MRD improved measurement of p  Charge id on (most) tracks Accepted as default design

22. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

23. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m  Fine-grained tracking to take advantage of the magnetic field …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

24. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m  Fine-grained tracking to take advantage of the magnetic field  EM calorimeter? …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

25. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m  Fine-grained tracking to take advantage of the magnetic field  EM calorimeter?  Electronics? …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

26. Proposed European Contributions: Beam  Design of the beam dump  Target expertise  Proton beam final focus monitoring  Muon monitors/muon monitor electronics  Beam windows  Quench detectors 280m detector  Major European contribution – magnetize the 280m  Fine-grained tracking to take advantage of the magnetic field  EM calorimeter?  Electronics?  DAQ? …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

27. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate sensitivity. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

28. Convincing demonstration of e appearance will require detailed understanding of backgrounds …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark Which will in turn require a detailed understanding of the near/far comparison

29. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

30. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

31. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

32. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

33. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

34. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

35. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data  HARP …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

36. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data  HARP  HERO/NA49/some other experiment …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

37. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data  HARP  HERO/NA49/some other experiment Software/Analysis …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

38. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data  HARP  HERO/NA49/some other experiment Software/Analysis  Contribute state-of-the-art software techniques …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

39. Proposed European Contributions: 2 km detector  Would provide the ultimate limit to systematics.  Are participating in simulation and conceptual design  Would contribute some substantial element, like the FGD  Perhaps use a medium-sized LAr calorimeter? Hadron Production data  HARP  HERO/NA49/some other experiment Software/Analysis  Contribute state-of-the-art software techniques  Fully participate in analysis and verification of any results …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

40. FAQ (or rather FHO). There is nothing for Europe to contribute to T2K  I hope I have shown otherwise. The Japanese can do it all.  No they can’t. It is too far.  It is no farther than SLAC.  Japanese groups routinely work at CERN and RAL. What is in it for us?  The opportunity to play a central part in the key experiment on  13.  The opportunity to grow the European experimental community  Fantastic experience in water Čerenkov detectors.  Fantastic experience in doing near/far comparisons.  Involvement in the next premier facility.  Continue the unification of the world’s physics community. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark

42. …to T2K European input… Imperial College/RAL Neuchatel Meeting June 21 ’04 Dave Wark