1. Workshop June, 19 th, 2006 – DLR, Paffenwaldring 38 – 40, Stuttgart ( parallel application of Blends Of Natural Gas and HYdrogen in internal combustion engines and fuel cells) “General objectives and aspects of the BONG-HY project” Dr. MARIA CHIESA Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Dept. Of Mathematics and Physics

2. FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT: REGINS REGINS (Regional standardised Interfaces for a better integration of regional SMEs in the European Economy) is an INTERREGIIIC Regional Framework Operation (RFO) that aims at supporting small interregional projects that belong to 3 different sectors: AUTOMOTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY LOGISTICS The four Regions that can be potentially involved are the following: Lombardy Region (I) Stuttgart Region (D) Upper Austria Region (A) West Pannon Region (H)

3. FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT: REGINS The project BONG-HY (parallel application of Blends Of Natural Gas and HYdrogen in internal combustion engines and fuel cells) had competed in the AUTOMOTIVE sector. It involves different partners belonging to the following 3 European Regions: Lombardy Region (I) Stuttgart Region (D) Upper Austria Region (A) BONG-HY had been approved by the Steering Committee of REGINS in December 2005 and it started on the 1st of January 2006

4. BONG-HY OBJECTIVES The activities foreseen in BONG-HY concern the use of blends of CH 4 /H 2 in traditional internal combustion engines and in solid oxide fuel cells for applications in industrial vehicles. Main objective is the reduction of the emissions of the atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases (CO 2 ) with respect to the emissions produced by the use of pure methane as a fuel. The project foresees different experimental tests but even studies concentrated on both security and homologation problems and on the barriers encountered by this new technology for its wider diffusion till its possible penetration on the market.

5. BONG-HY PARTNERSHIP Municipality of Brescia (I) LEAD PARTNER External expertise for the Italian activities University of Linz (A) KIBZ (D) University of Esslingen (D)

6. ACTIVITIES FORESEEN ( 1 of 2) The WORKPACKAGES (WPs) are the following: WP1 _ Simulation of the combustion of H2/NG blends (I) WP2 _ State of the art of the use of H2/NG blends (I) WP3 _ Lab tests and optimisation of the internal combustion engine for the use of the blends as a fuel (I) WP4 _ Study of the use of H2/NG blends in a SOFC and lab tests (A)

7. ACTIVITIES FORESEEN (2 of 2) WP5 _ Analysis of the regulations and the homologation process for the use of H2/NG blends in industrial vehicles (I) WP6 _ Interviews to different keyplayers concerning the technological and social barriers linked to the use of H2/NG blends (D) WP7 _ Lab tests in order to verify the degrade of the SOFC’s components due to the use of H2/NG blends (D) WP8 _ Diffusion of the results and preparation of new proposals (I)

8. TIMETABLE WPsACTIVITY01/01_06/3007/01_11/30 WP1Simulation of the combustion of H2/NG blends (I) WP2State of the art of the use of H2/NG blends (I) WP3Lab tests and optimisation of the ICE (I) WP4Study of the use of H2/NG blends in a SOFC and lab tests (A) WP5Analysis of the regulations and the homologation process for the use of H2/NG blends (I) WP6Interviews to different keyplayers in order to understand how to overcome the technological and social barriers associated to the use of H2/NG blends (D) WP7Lab tests on the SOFC’s components in order to verify their degradation due to the use of H2/NG blends (D) WP8Diffusion of the results and preparation of new projects Year 2006

9. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (1 of 6) WP1 _ Simulation of the combustion of H2/NG blends The simulation activities constitute a support of the lab tests concerning the application of CH4/H2 blends in an internal combustion engine. Main objective of these studies is the evaluation of the modifications that have to be introduced in the combustion process due to the use of CH4/H2 blends After the first lab tests the model will be validated and finalised in order to reduce both the fuel consumption and the pollutant emissions

10. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (2 of 6) WP2 _ State of the art of the use of H2/NG blends 31.2 % 35 % 4.2 5.9 2.9 3.5 Funzionamento non stabile HCNG Efficiency / CNG Efficiency = 1,122 HC Emissions of HCNG/ HC Emissions of CNG = 71,2% CO Emissions of HCNG/ CO Emissions of CNG = 82,9% Data Source: ”Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project” The most recent and significant tests come from Sweden…..

11. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (3 of 6) WP3 _ Lab tests and optimisation of the internal combustion engine for the use of the blends as a fuel Main objective is the reduction of both the fuel consumption and the emissions of pollutants ( CO, HC, NO x ) and CO 2. The tests will be conducted on an industrial vehicle associated to the waste collecting process of the city of Brescia. The blends will have a hydrogen content from 5% to 15% in volume. The ENEA roller test bench will be used (maximum vehicle weight: 4200 kg, maximum simulated velocity: 160 km/h, maximum power: 150 kW)

12. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (4 of 6) WP5 _ Analysis of the regulations and the homologation process for the use of H2/NG blends in industrial vehicles This topic will be widely discussed in Eng. Bassi’s presentation…

13. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (5 of 6) The activities of BONG-HY are propaedeutic to a wider program related to the introduction of CH4/H2 blends in the energetic system of the city of Brescia Biomasses Electric energy “off peak” Heat O2O2O2O2 O2O2O2O2 O2O2O2O2 H2H2H2H2 EE Waste to energy plant Storage Fuel Cell Muds fermentation of the water Depuration Plant Electrolysis H2H2H2H2 H2H2H2H2 H2H2H2H2 Maria Chiesa, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica Biomasses Gasification Fuel station for waste collecting vehicles WP8 _ Preparation of new proposals

14. WP8 _ Diffusion of the results of the project The results of the different activities foreseen for BONG-HY will be widely diffused through the traditional vectors ( radio, press, TV,…) Two Conferences are foreseen: - the first one in Stuttgart ( 2006, 19 th of June) at the end of the first 6 months; - the second one in Brescia (Italy) in November 2006, at the end of all the theoretical and experimental activities. This last Conference will be organised by the Municipality of Brescia (lead partner of BONG-HY) with the assistance of ASM SPA (its external expertise) and the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart. ITALIAN ACTIVITIES (6 of 6)

15. POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF THE EUROPEAN SMEs…. The application on a real scale of the technologies of the CH 4 /H 2 blends determines the potential diffusion of a significant number of vehicles, with the involvement of both the SMEs and the European motor industry, in the following sectors: - Components development - Components and systems characterisation - Vehicles integration - Assistance and Maintainance - Service (Insurance, homologations, licensing,…)

16. Thank you for your attention!!!