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Web Accessibility: Mastering the Essentials for Compliance Annie Bélanger Liam Morland May 2013
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The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect. Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web
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Types of Impairment & Impacts Vision Hearing Motor Cognitive Photo epilepsy
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WCAG 2.0 Conformance Levels A bumpy ramp = Level A It's possible to get in but with effort to get over the bumps. A smooth ramp = Level AA Easier to get in as the bumps have been taken away. A traction ramp = Level AAA Users are assisted with getting in.
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P OUR - Perceivable
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P O UR - Operable
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PO U R - Understandable
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POU R - Robust
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TECHNIQUES
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Favourite Vacations New York City Eat some pizza, see a Broadway show, and take a walk around Central Park. Switzerland Snow Cheese Chocolate What more could you ask for?
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Favourite Vacations New York City Eat some pizza, see a Broadway show, and take a walk around Central Park. Switzerland Snow Cheese Chocolate What more could you ask for?
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P OUR – 1.1 Text Alternatives Communicate meaning briefly Do not repeat in adjacent text Skip “Image of” Indicate if screenshot… Use proper grammar
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P OUR – 1.2 Time-based Media Transcripts for audioDescribed video
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P OUR – 1.3 Adaptable Demo –http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/lapto ps.htmlhttp://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/lapto ps.html –http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/lapto ps.htmlhttp://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/AboutLibrary/lapto ps.html –https://uwaterloo.ca/about/https://uwaterloo.ca/about/ –https://uwaterloo.ca/https://uwaterloo.ca/
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P OUR – 1.4 Distinguishable Do not rely only colour Audio controllable
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P O UR – 2.1 Keyboard Accessible Demo –https://uwaterloo.ca/https://uwaterloo.ca/
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P O UR – 2.2 Enough Time Avoid time limit
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P O UR – 2.3 Seizures
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P O UR – 2.4 Navigable Skip links Consistency Structured order Page title Purpose-driven link naming
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PO U R – 3.1 Readable Add the appropriate language attribute
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PO U R – 3.2 Predictable No change of context
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PO U R – 3.3 Input Assistance Input errors are identified Have proper form labels: Search:
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POU R – 4.1 Compatible Ensure HTML validates Use HTML elements as intended Other things to keep in mind! –Site should work without Javascript –Use HTML, not PDF, Word, Flash, etc.
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TESTING
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Testing Protocol Break it down Do it often Do it early Just do it!
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Testing Tool Validator (not sufficient on their own) Fangs screen reader emulator NVDA WAVE Toolbar (http://wave.webaim.org/)http://wave.webaim.org/
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Questions? Annie.belanger @ uwaterloo.ca Lkmorland @ uwaterloo.ca
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Resources uWaterloo Web Accesibility Resources (http://uwaterloo.ca/web- resources/resources/accessibility)http://uwaterloo.ca/web- resources/resources/accessibility WCAG Quick Reference (http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/)http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/ WebAIM (http://webaim.org/)http://webaim.org/ –Simplified WCAG 2.0 list (http://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist)http://webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist
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Resources Colour contrast is Level AA, but great early on! –JuicyStudio (colour contrast) website and Firefox extension (http://juicystudio.com/services/luminositycont rastratio.php)http://juicystudio.com/services/luminositycont rastratio.php
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