1. Properties of Matter

2. Look at this picture… What do you see?

3. Its all matter
Everything around you is matter… even things you do not see like air and microbes
A Substance is matter that has a uniform and unchanging chemical composition
Table salt or NaCL, (Sodium Chloride) is a substance
Sea water is
Not a substance

4. Substances are key in chemistry
Substances change into different substances.

5. Physical Properties
A Physical Property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
Physical properties can describe matter and substances
Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Hardness, Melting Point, Boiling Point

6. Physical Properties

7. Chemical Properties Another property of matter are chemical properties
Chemical Properties are the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances

8. States of Matter All matter exists as one of three physical forms
Solids – a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume
Wood, Iron and Paper are examples
The particles of a solid are packed tightly together and when heated they expand

9. Liquid
Liquids are a form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape of its container
Ex. Water, Blood, Mercury
The particles in a liquid are
not held rigidly together and are
less closely packed than solids and can move past each other.

10. Gas
A gas is a form of matter that expands to fill the entire container
The particles of gas are very far apart compared to liquids and solids
Gases can be compressed because they are so far apart
Vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature

11. work
Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical properties.
1. Water and oil not mixing together
2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside
3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a “volcano”
4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid, which a liquid, which a gas?
A B C.

12. Answers
Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical properties.
1. Water and oil not mixing together physical
2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside chemical
3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a “volcano” chemical
4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid A, which a liquid C, which a gas B
A B C.

13. Changes in Matter
Copper can undergo physical changes and chemical changes
Physical: It can be drawn out
into a wire
Chemical: When combined
with Ammonia it turns a
Blue-ish color

14. Physical Change
Changes which alter a substance without changing its composition are physical changes.
Ex. Cutting a piece of paper, breaking a crystal
Name some other physical changes

15. Phase changes – a form of physical change
As temperature and/or pressure change substances can change forms or phases
At 0° Celsius water or H2O exists as a solid, known as ice
As heat is added the ice melts it becomes liquid water.
When the temperature of the liquid water reaches 100 ° Celsius it changes again it Vapor, the gaseous form of water
These changes are physical because even though the water in different states has different appearances, it is still water, H2O

16. Phase Change Vocabulary
The words; Boil, Freeze, Condense, Vaporize, or Melt, are referring to phase changes
Phase changes indicate matter changing from liquid to gas, solid to liquid, etc.

17. Chemical Changes
A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances is a chemical change or chemical reaction
Substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different properties than the starting substances

18. Evidence of Chemical Reactions
Always produces a change in properties
SOMETHING NEW!!!!

19. Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
Mass of reactants = Mass of Products
Discovered in the 1700s by Antoine Lavoisier

20. Example
In an experiment, 10.0g of red mercury (II) oxide powder is placed in an open flask and heated until it is converted to liquid mercury and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass 9.26g. What is the mass of the Oxygen gas formed in the reaction?
Remember the Law Of Conservation OF Mass.

21. More work Identify the following as physical or chemical changes
1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone.
2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle.
3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glass

22. More Answers Identify the following as physical or chemical changes
1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone. physical
2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle. chemical
3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glass physical

23. Classifying Matter
We classify matter as either Substances (having a uniform composition) and Mixtures.
Mixtures are a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its own properties

24. Heterogeneous Mixtrues
Heterogeneous Mixtures do not blend smoothly throughout and individual substances are visible

25. Homogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout and always have a single phase.
Also referred to as solutions

27. Different types of solutions
Gas-Gas - air is a mix of Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gases
Gas-Liquid - Carbonated beverages
Solid-Liquid - Kool-Aid contains sugar and other solids in water
Solid-Solid – Steel is an alloy of iron containing carbon

28. Separating Mixtures – most matter exists as mixtures
Filtration – using paper or another
porous material to separate heterogeneous
mixtures
Distillation – uses differences of
boiling points of liquids to separate
a homogeneous mixture of liquids

29. Separating Matter
Crystallization – forming solids from a liquid solution containing solids
Chromatography – separates components of a mixture on tendency to move across another material ( not covered but
You should remember this)

30. Elements and Compounds
An element is a pure substance which can not be separated into a simpler form by physical or chemical means
91 naturally occurring elements on earth
(Copper, Gold, Silver, Hydrogen etc.)
Each has a one or two letter symbol
Au= gold, O= oxygen, Hg = Mercury, C= carbon

31. Compounds
Compounds are combinations of two or more different elements that are combined chemically
Water, table salt, aspirin are all compounds
Table Salt = Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) or NaCl
Water = Di-Hydrogen (H2) Oxide (O) or H2O

32. THE END