1. Esther Coz 1,2, Gary Casuccio 3, Traci L. Lersch 3, Teresa Moreno 2 and Begoña Artíñano 1 5th DAURE Science Meeting Barcelona, May 26 DAURE Microscopy 1 Ciemat, Madrid 2 IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 3 RJ Lee Inc., Pittsburgh (USA)

2. Outline Methods Sampling Microscopy Data analysis

3. Methodology Particle Collection Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Digital Image Analysis Elemental Composition Morphology Data Analysis How?

4. Outline Methods Sampling Microscopy Data analysis

5. Sampling Particle Collection Low-Vol sampler  Eight-stage cascade impactor (Andersen) Impactor Stage (cut-off size) Stage12345678 D50 (  m) 16104.02.41.50.850.470.29 PM 2.5 samples: Period: Feb 25 – 28 Times: 7 am, 11 am, 5 pm and 8 am Intervals: 30 min – 2 hours PM 2.5 : PC filters PM 2.5-10 : Aluminum substrates No fiber filters

6. Sampling BCN site CSIC data

7. Sampling BCN site PM 2.5 concentrations ~ 20-60  g·m -3 Coarse to fine PM ratios: Which complementary information does electron microscopy give? PSI data

8. Outline Methods Sampling Microscopy Data analysis

9. Methodology Scanning Electron Microscopy Electron Emission Electromagnetic lenses X-ray detector SE detector SE detector Signal conversion Signal conversion Pump Scanning coils Sample

10. Methodology Scanning Electron Microscopy Quantitative Analysis Qualitative Analysis Personal SEM (Aspex Inc.) Fully Computer Controlled SEM (CCSEM) FEI Sirion 400 Hitachi S5000 High Resolution SEM (HRSEM) 10-E4 Field Shape Parameters D min D max Sp 1 =D p /D max Sp 2 =D min /D max AR=D max /D’ min D p =(4  /Area) 1/2 D max D min

11. Outline Methods Sampling Microscopy Data analysis

12. Data Analysis Particle by particle (>20,000): C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ba, Pb Minerals Heavy Metal Oxides Ammonium Sulfate (bisulfate) Primary Biogenic Organic Aerosols Carbonaceous & Nitrates Silicates & Aluminosilicates Calcium Carbonates Sulfates Non sulfate salts Iron Oxides Ti Oxides … Clustering Particle number, Volume and mass contribution Size distribution Associated quantitative morphology (circularity, convexity, elongation and compactness) Cluster by cluster:

13. Data Analysis Aluminosilicates: Natural vs. Industrial origin Soot-like agglomerates: Fresh vs. Aged

14. DAURE campaign ¡¡¡¡¡Thanks to the colleagues from Ciemat, IDEAE-CSIC & RJ Lee Group, Inc. !!!!!!!!!