1. Results (cont’d) Results INTRODUCTION: C4 is a pre-workout supplement which is a type of ergogenic aid. Ergogenic aids helps to enhance athletic performance, energy use, and recovery time. There are different types of pre-workout supplement ingredients such as caffeine, creatine, and nitric oxide precursors that all claim to work together to promote energy and improve performance. These supplements are used increasingly in the regimen of many athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of C4 during a graded exercise treadmill to maximal exercise levels on college males. METHODS: Six men (age 21.17 + 1.79 yrs) of the UTA Kinesiology department volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects had not previously taken pre-workout supplements. Before performing a graded exercise treadmill test with increasing speed and elevation until exhaustion, each subject was randomly given C4 or Crystal Light (P) to consume. During each exercise test heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded along with the oxygen consumption up to and including maximal (VO 2max ) values measured by the SensorMedics. Time of the exercise test was also recorded. RESULTS: The maximal values from the exercise test included: HR (P: 190.17 + 6.24 bpm; C4: 190.83 + 9.58 bpm); RPE (P: 17 + 1.47; C4: 18 + 0.82); Time (P: 12.53 + 1.58 min; C4: 13.31 + 1.60 min); VO 2max (P: 47.01 + 7.72 ml/kg/min; C4: 45. 86 + 6.93 ml/kg/min) and none showed significant differences between the Crystal Light and C4 (p = 0.78). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that there were no significant effects of C4 on VO 2max or any other measures of maximal exertion during a graded exercise treadmill test. Further testing is needed if manufacturers wish to continue claims of improved performance after consuming C4. Abstract Methods Methods (cont’d) Purpose Conclusions Author: Donna Khounvivongsy Sponsor: Judy Wilson PhD. Neuromuscular Lab, Department of Kinesiology University of Texas at Arlington KINE 4400: Applied Exercise Physiology The Effects Of C4 During A Graded Exercise Treadmill Test To Max The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of C4 during a graded exercise treadmill max test on college males. Six male subjects of the UTA Kinesiology department completed a graded exercise test which lasted about 10 to 15 minutes following 5 minutes of cool down. There may have be discomfort and fatigue in the subject's lower extremities, mouth, and nose. Upon arrival to the study, the subject was informed to be wearing loose-fitting clothes, eaten a light meal about two hours before the study, and signed the consent form. Demographic information will be recorded prior to being tested such as age, height, and weight. Subjects then consumed either C4, a pre-workout supplement, or Crystal Light, which will be used as a placebo, following 15 minutes waiting period and 10 minutes of dynamic stretches as a warmup. The subject was prepped with a heart rate monitor, mouthpiece, head piece, nose clip, and blood pressure cuff. The subjects were informed that the treadmill test is a progressive increase in the work load (both speed and elevation) and it will not matter if they walk or run. The Bruce protocol was utilized and the subjects began at stage 1 at 1.7 miles per hour at a 10% grade. Each stage will last 3 minutes, as each stage ends the speed will increase by 0.5% and the grade will increase by 2%. The test ended when the subject felt he cannot continue on longer and 5 minutes of cool down will begin. At the end of each 3 min stage, heart rate, blood pressure, and rate of perceived exertion were recorded. The subjects communicated with hand signals, thumbs up if ok, a "waggle" of the hand side to side if uncertain about continuing and a thumbs down when ready to stop. At the end of the test, the treadmill was slowed and the subject allowed to cool down. When the heart rate approaches 120 and the systolic blood pressure approaches 130 mmHg the subjects were allowed to leave after being scheduled for the next visit. The next visit was to follow the same protocol but with the opposite supplement or placebo since it was randomized. Demographic variables: VariablesMeanSD Age (years)21.171.79 Height (in)67.333.44 Weight (kg)79.927.78 Performance variables for Crystal Light: VariablesMeanSD Heart Rate (bpm)190.176.24 VO2max (ml/kg/min)47.017.72 Time (min)12.531.58 RPE171.47 VariablesMeanSD Heart Rate (bpm)190.839.58 VO2max (ml/kg/min)45.866.93 Time (min)13.311.60 RPE180.82 Performance variables for C4: Your text here p= 0.78, p > 0.05 for effects of C4 during graded exercise on VO 2max The results of this study indicated that there were no significant effects of C4 on VO 2max or any other measures of maximal exertion during a graded exercise treadmill test. p= 0.78, p> 0.05 for VO 2max Further testing is needed if manufacturers wish to continue claims of improved performance after consuming C4. More research on the effects of pre-workout supplements on exercise performance should be conducted. To test for validity and avoid error, replication of this study is recommended. A longer time frame for this study would be beneficial to see long term effects of C4.