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Electroencephalography (EEG) http://ese.wustl.edu/~nehorai/eegmeg/eeg2.jpghttp://ese.wustl.edu/~nehorai/eegmeg/eeg2.jpg, http://www.gtec.at/service/images/10_20_system_mod.gifhttp://www.gtec.at/service/images/10_20_system_mod.gif
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http://www.electropsychology.com/valovi.gifhttp://www.electropsychology.com/valovi.gif, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography 8-12 Hz (awake, but relaxed, attenuated w/ activity) mu alpha having to do w/ motion 12-30 Hz (Low amplitude w/ multiple/varying freq when thinking) up to 3 Hz (sleep and babies) 4-7 Hz (kids and meditation) 26-100 Hz raw EEG
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http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/229176/enlarge http://www.wtec.org/bci/welcome.html
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Fig. 1
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C3=L C4=R nose (24 Hz) (12 Hz)
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Fig. 1 beta mu (alpha) C3=L C4=R nose 3&4 2&5 1&6 7&8 1&2 3&8 4&7 5&6 C3 C4
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Table 1
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http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2004/12 /07/0403504101.DC1/03504Movie1.movhttp://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2004/12 /07/0403504101.DC1/03504Movie1.mov Movie 1. Two-dimensional cursor control with scalp-recorded sensorimotor rhythms. In this QUICKTIME movie, a person with spinal cord injury (i.e., user A) uses scalp-recorded sensorimotor rhythms to control cursor movement in two dimensions. In each trial, a target appears at one of eight possible locations on the periphery of the screen, and 1 sec later, the cursor appears in the center and moves. Its vertical movement is controlled by the sum of the weighted amplitudes of a 24-Hz beta rhythm recorded from the scalp over left and right sensorimotor cortices, and its horizontal movement is controlled by the difference between the weighted amplitudes of a 12-Hz mu rhythm recorded over left and right sensorimotor cortices, as described in Methods.
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Fig. 2
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Fig. 3
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Wolpaw, PNAS 101(51), 2004, 17849-17854 Fig. 4
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Looking into the future….
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http://www.londonyogi.com/images/spine.jpg They use more channels and more frequencies….and tailor it for different users
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 1
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 2
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 2
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 3
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 3
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 4
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Not the original video… but close http://www.veoh.com/watch/v17476140km JjEhTshttp://www.veoh.com/watch/v17476140km JjEhTs
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 5
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Hochberg, et al. Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia, Nature, 44(13), 2006 p164-171. Fig. 6
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