1. Isometric ellipses
In an isometric drawing, the object is viewed at an angle, which makes circles appear as ellipses.
Holes
Cylinders
Example object – focus on eye piece. Inside (hole) and outside (cylinder) both appear elliptical in this sketch.

2. Sketching a Circle
Draw a square whose sides are the diameter of the circle.
At the center of each side define the point of tangency for the circle.
Draw the diagonals of the square.
Orient the paper so you can draw equal arcs to construct the circle

3. Introduction to Isometric Projection
CUBE
Isometric Projection:
One type of axonometric pictorial (3-D) projection
‘Iso-’ means ‘equal
‘metric projection’ means ‘a projection to a scaled measure’
The three dimensions are not only shown in one view, but also the dimensions can be scaled from this drawing
START WITH A CUBE
All of the normal drawing planes (top, front, side) are equally foreshortened or tilted, and all of the major axes (X, Y, Z) are at equal rotations from each other (120 degrees apart), as in the illustration above.
And, because all of the major planes are equally foreshortened, all of the measurements in these planes are equal as well as shown above. This means that the same measuring scale may be used in drawing both the width, height, and depth of objects.
Isometric means equal measure
All planes are equally or proportionately shortened and
tilted
All the major axes (X, Y, Z) are 120 degrees apart

4. Making an Isometric Sketch
Defining Axis
30o
60o
Isometric Axis
Derive the axes from a vertex of the cube

5. Ellipses Can be in Any of Three Planes
Ellipse could appear in any one of the three planes (front, profile or side, horizontal or top)
Major axis (long axis) of the ellipse will be along the long diagonal of the rectangle
Minor axis (short axis) along the shorter diagonal.
Note ellipse must have the correct orientation in the box. (Almost fills the box, if rotated 90 degrees, it would be incorrect for the plane of view.)

6. Sketching an Isometric of a Hollow Pipe
Isometric object without construction lines
Note: Student product will have construction lines.

7. Step 1 – Creating the Base Box
Length
Diameter
Recall that the proper way to start an isometric sketch is to lightly sketch in the box within which the object will fit.
Process will fairly closely follow that described in of Bertoline.

8. Step 2 – Ellipse on Front Face
- Corner to corner to get center
Lines to Tangent Points
- Lines to tangent points
Tangent Points
Note for students that just front part of box will be shown to keep it simple in the visuals.
Sketch in lines corner to corner (along major and minor axis of ellipse) to get center point
Sketch perpendicular lines through center point to get tangent points on outside box.

9. Step 3 – Ellipse on Front Face
Sketch in Arcs
Tangent Points
Sketch in smooth arcs to join the Tangent points on Major axis and minor axis. Radius of arc on the longer diagonal is shorter than the radius of arc on the shorter diagonal.

10. Step 3 – Ellipse on Back Face and Profile
Repeat for ellipse on rear face
Draw Tangent Lines for Profile
Complete Visible Part of Back Ellipse
Note that in case on the rear side of the pipe, only a part of the ellipse is visible. So only the part which is visible is drawn with dark lines

11. Step 4 – Ellipse for Hole on Front Face
Create Box for Hole
Sketch Ellipse
Encourage student to leave in their light construction lines. Constructions lines not shown here to just add focus to what is being added at this step. Note that the construction line should be much lighter and thinner than the main object lines.

12. Isometric of Hollow Pipe
Isometric object without construction lines
Note: Student product will have construction lines.

13. Summary Technical drawings are an effective communication media
Projections of various types can be used
Isometric projections and creating isometric sketches has been introduced
Assignments will emphasize simple isometric sketches
Summarize the objectives of the session
Will introduce more advanced isometrics and orthographics drawing in next class

14. Review Questions
_______ sketches present the object in a single view, with all three dimensions represented
_______ sketches present the object in a series of projections, each one showing only two of the objects’ three dimensions
Which among the following is NOT an isometric axes (Hint: Use the Isometric Grid paper for reference)?
Note on all REVIEW QUESTIONS slides:
Have the students do individually and check with their partner. Will not be graded. This is for better understanding and making the students read the text book. Students could expect such questions in their mid-term and final. Answers will also be posted on WebCT.
Answers:
Pictorial (Axonometric/Isometric, Perspective, Oblique)
Multiview/orthographic
c) => spacing between any two axes can be 30, 60, 120, 240 only a) b) d) c)
120°
60°
240°
90°

15. Tips for Drawing Assignments
Follow Sketching and Text conventions.
Title Information is required. Avoid labels on the sketch.
Leave the construction lines – MUCH lighter and thinner than the finished lines
Include centerlines on isometrics

16. Tips for Drawing Assignments
Do not try to shade drawing – this is not a pencil sketching class.
Use grid paper. Try to sketch along grid lines. Practice sketching straight lines and curves on a grid sheet.

17. Tips for Pictorial Views
In pictorial views, hidden lines are not shown unless absolutely required for clarity, such as;
Non-visible bottom of a blind hole
Important feature of object not in direct view
In pictorial views, holes or notches without bottom/end visible should be assumed to go completely through the object.
Centerlines are to be shown on all isometric pictorials.

18. In Class Assignment
Use Isometric Sketch Paper (ISP)