1. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Anatomy

2. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Phonation
Generation of a voiced sound
Accomplished with the larynx (voice box)
Voiceless sounds: open vocal folds
Voiced sounds: closed vocal folds

3. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Vocal Folds
5 layers of tissue (deep= muscle)
Glottis= space between the vocal folds
Subglottal= area below the vocal folds
Located at the end of the airstream at superior end of trachea

4. Structural Support of the Larynx
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Structural Support of the Larynx
Larynx is suspended in the neck by a single bone, the hyoid bone.
There are 6 laryngeal cartilage's:
3 paired
3 unpaired
provide structural support for the larynx.

5. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
Epiglottis:
-shaped like a long leaf,
-base attached to inner portion of anterior rim of the thyroid cartilage,
-folds down over airway to protect during swallowing.
-composed of elastic cartilage (does not ossify with age...must remain flexible).

6. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
Thyroid Cartilage:
-angled saddle-shaped curve,
-anterior attachment of true vocal folds,
-posteriorly there are 2 superior cornu and 2 inferior cornu (articulate with cricoid cartilage),
-composed of hyaline cartilage- does ossify & limit flexibility with age,
-lateral walls are laminae attach to midline of notch.

7. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
Cricoid :
-signet ring shaped,
-2 sets of paired faces to allow connection (articulation) with other joints,
-cricothyroid joint connects the cricoid to the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage.

8. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
Arytenoids:
Pair of small cartilages shaped like pyramids
Mounted opposite each other on the rim of the signet portion of the cricoid cartilage
2 motions:
rotation
gliding

9. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
Corniculate & Cuneiform Cartilage's:
Corniculate: attached to superior tips of the arytenoid cartilage
Cuneiform: embedded in the muscular complex superior to the corniculate
Provide no clear function; may add to the stability to the abduction movement.

10. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilage's
3 Unpaired Cartilage's
-Epiglottis
-Thyroid
-Cricoid

11. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
3 Paired Cartilage's
-Cuneiform
-Corniculate
-Arytenoid

12. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Larynx & Trachea
Tracheal
Ring
Hyoid Bone
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage

13. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Cartilages
Thyroid
Thyroid
Notch
Vocal Ligament
Superior horn
Stretched
Cricoid
Inferior horn

14. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Arytenoid Movement
Rock= Front sides tilt toward or away from each other
Glide= Their back sides slide toward or away from each other
Abduction= open vocal folds (caused by rocking & gliding)
Adduction= closed vocal folds
Arytenoids have 2 processes:
Vocal process (vocal folds attach)
Muscular process (muscle attachment)

15. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Arytenoid Movement
Rocking
Gliding
Adducted
Abducted

16. Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
Extrinsic Laryngeal Membranes:
Connect the laryngeal cartilages with adjacent structures
Hyothyroid membrane
Paired lateral hyothyroid ligaments
Hyoepiglottic ligament
Cricotracheal membrane

17. Hyothyroid Membrane & Ligaments
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Hyothyroid Membrane & Ligaments
Occupies space between the hyoid bone and superior border of the thyroid cartilage
Membrane is thickened medially= Middle Hyothyroid Ligament
Posteriorly between the superior thyroid horns the membrane is thickened= Lateral Hyothyroid Ligament

18. Hyoepiglottic Ligament
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Hyoepiglottic Ligament
Unpaired, midline, elastic ligament extending from anterior surface of the epiglottis to the upper border of the hyoid bone

19. Cricotracheal Membrane
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Cricotracheal Membrane
Connects the lower border of the cricoid cartilage with the upper border of the first tracheal ring
More extensive then membrane attaching tracheal rings

20. Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
Intrinsic Laryngeal Membranes:
Interconnects the various laryngeal cartilages and helps regulate the extent & direction of their movement
Conus Elasticus
Quadrangle membrane
Aryepiglottic folds
Lateral cricothyroid membrane

21. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Conus Elasticus
Cavity below the vocal folds is funnel or cone-shaped
Continuous sheet of membrane that connects the thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages with one another
Divided into a medial cricothyroid ligament and two lateral cricothyroid membranes
Extends from superior border of the arch and lamina of the cricoid cartilage to the upper limits of the true vocal folds

22. Quadrangular Membranes
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Quadrangular Membranes
Arise from the lateral margins of the epiglottis and adjacent thyroid cartilage near the angle
Fibers coarse posteriorly downward and attach to the corniculate cartilage's

23. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Aryepiglottic Folds
Superior margins of the quadrangular membranes
Cuneiform cartilages embedded here
Implicated in the mechanics of swallowing

24. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Lateral Hyothyroid
Ligament
Epiglottis
Middle Hyothyroid
Ligament
Hyothyroid
Membrane
Conus Elasticus
Throid Lamina
Membranes & Ligaments
Cricotracheal
Membrane
Hyoepiglottic
Ligament
Arytenoid
Cartilage
Vocal ligament
Conus Elasticus

25. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Conus Elasticus
T= Thyroid
A= Arytenoid C A CE T
C= Cricoid
CE= Conus Elasticus

26. Quadrangular Membrane
Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Quadrangular Membrane
Heavy Lines=
Aryepiglottic
Folds & Quadrangualr
Membrane

27. Section 3: Lecture 1; Anatomy & physiology of voice production.
Reading/Assignments
Seikel: Pgs
Maue-Dickson: Pgs