1. Anatomy of female reproductive system
Zhao Aimin

2. Bony pelvis Sacrum(骶骨） Coccyx（尾骨） Coxae（髋骨） Ilium（髂骨） Ischium（坐骨）
Pubis（耻骨）

3. Pelvis Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly Ischium and pubis bilaterally
Falase pelvis
(major)
True pelvis
(minor)
Sacrum and coccyx
posteriorly
Ischium and pubis
bilaterally
and anteriorly
To surport the pregnancy
Bounded by lumbar
vertebrae posteriorly,
iliac fossa bilaterally
abdominal wall anteriorly

4. The pelvis plane Four planes The pelvic inlet: the greatest
The midplane:the least
The pelvic outlet(two planes)

5. Pelvic inlet Posteriorly by promontory of sacrum
Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis
Anteriorly by superior surface of pubis

6. midplane Anteriorly by the lower border of pubis
Bilaterally by ischial spines
is very important clinically
because arrest of fetal descent occurs most frequently

7. outlet Irregular Consisting of two triangles It is bounded by
Posteriorly: the tip of sacrum
Laterally : ischial tuberosities
sacrotuberous ligaments
Anteriorly:the lower border of pubis symphysis

8. Type of female pelvis Gyecoid type 52-58.9% Platypelloid type 23.2-29%
Anthropoid type %
Android type
1-3.7%

9. External genital organs
mons pubis: fatty tissue
labia majora
labia minora which lie inside the labia majora
clitoris: is located anterior to the labia minora

10. Vestibule(前庭） Lies between the labia minora Is bounded
Anteriorly by clitoris
Posteriorly by perineum
Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the midline of the vestibule
Bartholin’s glands also empty into the vestibule

11. Internal genital organs
Vagina(阴道）
an organ for coitus
a drainage of menstrual flow
a passage for childbirth
posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm

12. Fornix ：the area arounded the cervix
(anterior,posterior,lateral)
the posterior fornix is important pouch which allows access to the peritoneal cavity from vagina

13. The vagial wall is consisted of
Mucouse membrance: is lined by squamous
Beneath this is a submucosal layer of connective tissue which contains a rich of veins and lymphatics
The muscular wall has three layers of smooth muscle.

14. Uterus(子宫） The body Lies between rectum and bladder Volume: 7*5*3cm
Weight: 50g
Divided into two portions by isthmus
The body
Cornu:where the fallopians enter
Fundus:the part of the body above the cornu

16. The uterus is surported by the following ligaments
Round ligament
Broad ligament
Cardinal ligament
Utero-sacral ligament

17. Histology of uterus There are three layers of the body
The inner is endometrium which is consisted of the simple columnar epithelium
Beneath the mucosa is the muscular layer,covered by peritoneal serosa

18. Fallopian tubes Length: 8-14cm The tube is divided four portions
Interstitial:
isthmun
Ampulla:the centre portion
Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation

19. The innner layer is covered by ciliate columnar epitheliun
The cilia beat toward the uterus assisting in oocyte transport

20. ovaries Be located on either side of the uterus Volume:4*3*1cm
Weight:5-6g
be almond-shaped
Is divided two portion:
cortex(outer portion): contains amount of
follicles
medulla(central portion): blood vessels,
nerve fibres,
lymphatics

21. Arterial system
Ovarian artery: from abdominal aorta (left may be from kedney artery
Uterine artery
Vaginal artery
Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac artery

22. Arterial system Ovarian arteries: from abdominal aorta
(left may be from kedney
artery
Uterine