1. Injuries to the Thigh, Leg, and Knee PE 236 Amber Giacomazzi MS, ATC

2. Sports place extreme stress on the knee, and is one of the most traumatized joints
Considered a _______________ which performs: _________ and ___________
The knee is extremely ______ in terms of _____________________
Support is provided by ________ and _________
The knee is designed to provide ________ in ____________ and _________ in locomotion

4. Menisci
Two _________________ deepen the joint and _________ any stress on the knee joint
Medial meniscus—”__” shaped and has an attachment to the _______________
Can easily be damaged
Lateral meniscus—”___” shaped
Generally the meniscus has a ______________
_______________ provides nutrients

7. Knee Ligament Injuries
The most commonly injured knee ligaments are the _____, and the ____
Common mechanisms include _______ maneuvers when running and _______ _______ to the joint.

8. Collateral Ligament Injuries
MCL injuries are from a ____________ or a Severe ___________
Concern for the MCL, _______, and ____ with this type of injury
LCL injuries are from a ________, often with _______________
An avulsion fracture (_____) can occur

9. Collateral Ligament Injuries
Signs and Symptoms
____________
Treatment

10. Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
ACL can be injured when the ______ moves forcefully in an _____________ or when the _____ gets pushed ________ while the tibia is held in place
______________ associated with ____________ movements can also damage ACL
Most __________ and most ___________ disrupted ligament in the knee
Rule changes, surfaces, shoes, increase participation of females
If the following three structures, _____, _____, ____ are involved in an injury, it is referred to an “________ ________”

11. Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Prevents the _______ from moving too far _________
PCL injuries most often happen when an athlete ______________, or receives a ___________ to the _____ of the knee while the _____ is _______________________
Knee’s ______________ and is almost ______ as strong as the _____
Provides a central axis about which the knee rotates

12. Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Signs and symptoms:
Athlete reports the knee was _______________ ________________
Pain at the site of the injury
_________ around the knee.
Athlete indicates the knee feels _____________
Athlete reports having a _______ or __________ sensation at the time of injury

13. Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Treatment
Immediately apply ____ and _________
Have athlete ______ _____________
_________________ _________________

14. Menisci Injuries
Menisci are typically damaged by _____, _____, _________ movements
Injury is more likely to occur if ______________ firmly on the playing surface
There are many different types of tears, and they affect each athlete differently
In some cases, a _______________ will __________ _______, causing it to ________

15. Menisci Injuries Signs and symptoms:
____ or ________ when the knee was injured
May not see any significant _________
May not be painful
_____________
Athlete may be able to ____________________
A feeling the knee is “____________” periodically

16. Menisci Injuries Treatment Apply ________ _____________
Have athlete use crutches
____________ ___________

17. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella
Direct trauma- _____________
Indirect trauma- __________________ ________ against the femur when the knee is _____________

18. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella
Signs and symptoms:
Pain at the injury site
_________ and/or ______________ Athlete’s report of having suffered a ______________
Athlete may report a _____ or _____ at the time of injury

21. Fractures of the Femur and/or Patella
Treatment:
_________________
_______ the injured leg, preferably with _________________
Apply _____________ to any ___________
Monitor _________ and _________ to lower leg
Arrange for ________ to a nearby medical facility

22. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation
Injury may be caused by a __________ ______ that generates a great deal of ____________ within the knee
Instead of moving normally within it’s groove, the _________________________________

23. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation
Individuals predisposed to condition
________________
________________________________

24. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation
Signs and Symptoms:
Severe pain and abnormal movement of the patella when injury occurred
_____________
____________ along the ____________ of the patella
Majority of subluxations/luxations displace ____________!!

25. Patellar Dislocation/Subluxation
Treatment:
___________________

27. Dislocation of the Knee or Tibiofemoral Joint
Dislocation of the knee or the tibiofemoral joint can compromise _____________________________
**Napoleon MCcallum
**Shaun Livingston
Signs and symptoms:
_________________
Dislocation of the joint
Treatment:
The injury must be ___________
___________________________________________

29. Patellofemoral Joint Injuries
Acute and chronic injuries can affect patellofemoral joint. Such injuries can be debilitating and must be treated
_______________________ or “_________”
Condition occurs when ________________ or __________ are dislodged from joint and _________ ________________
A bone fragment can ____________
Damage to _____________ can occur

30. Patellofemoral Joint Injuries
Signs and symptoms
Pain especially _____________
_____________
______________
Knee may lock; ______________________
One or more ______________ may be ______ when palpated
Treatment
Application of ice and compression.
If necessary, ________________
___________________________

31. Chondromalacia Patella
Wear and tear of the under surface of the patella as it articulates on the femoral groove due to overuse
Three Stages
Stage 1-___________________________
________________
Stage 2-___________________________
Stage 3-___________________________

32. Chondromalacia Patella
Signs and Symptoms
_________________
May have _________ present on the top of the knee
Pain with __________ after ________ for a _____________ ________ “__________ knee”
Quadriceps atrophy
Treatment
Ice
_____________
Knee sleeve

33. Bursa of the Knee
Bursa are ___________ _____ sacs located at strategic points
Numerous bursa are in the knee region; only a few are typically injured

34. Bursa of the Knee Inflammation can be caused by:
__________
_________________________
The ___________ bursa is susceptible to _____________

35. Bursa of the Knee Signs and symptoms: _________ and __________ at site
Pain when ________ _____________ is applied
Athlete may report direct trauma to knee
Posterior swelling—____________

36. Bursa of the Knee Treatment Application of _________________
_______________ for a short time
In chronic cases, ______________ _______ may be helpful

37. Patellar Tendonitis
Sudden or _________ ______________ of the knee may begin the inflammatory process that will eventually lead to ________________ “____________”

38. Patellar Tendonitis Signs and Symptoms
Stage 1—_______________ (tight quads, pulling on the patellar tendon)
Stage 2—___________________
Stage 3—________, _________ and _______________ (___________)

39. Patellar Tendonitis Treatment
First find cause ________, ______, ____________
RICE
_________________ and ________ __________
Taping and bracing
Do not overuse and stretch

40. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)
OSD usually involve _______ of the _________ _______________
May result in an ________________
Occurs during _______________
Signs and symptoms:
Pain and tenderness on the patellar tendon complex
__________ in the area
__________ ability to use the ____________
If inflammation continues, _______________ ______________________________

41. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (OSD)
Treatment
Apply ice and compression
_____________ ____________
Until inflammation subsides, _____ is important

42. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
______________ common in ________ and _________ that can be attributed to _____________ and _________ ____________ of the _____ and ___________
Irritation develops over the _____________ _________ or at the _____________ where the friction is created as the knee ______ and _________

43. Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
Signs and symptoms:
_____________
______________
Pain increases during __________
Treatment:
__________________________
________________________________
Cold pack or ice massage

44. Special Tests for Knee ____________________________ Valgus Stress Test
Used to assess the integrity of the MCL and LCL respectively
Testing at ___________ incorporates capsular testing while testing at ____________ of _______ isolates the ligaments
Valgus Stress Test
Varus Stress Test

45. Special Tests for Knee _________________
Will not force knee into painful flexion immediately after injury
Reduces hamstring involvement
At _________ of ________ an attempt is made to translate the tibia _________ on the femur
A positive test indicates _________ ____________

46. Special Tests for the Knee
________________
Knees are ______ to _________, athlete is __________
Positive if _________ _________ of the _____ upon the femur

47. Special Tests for the Knee
_______________
While knee is flexed, externally rotate the tibia, add valgus force, and extend the knee. Repeat with tibia internally rotated and a varus force
A ______________ is a positive

48. Special Tests for the Knee
________________
Hard downward pressure is applied w/ rotation
_______________ _______________ _______________
Used to detect ____________

49. Special Tests for the Knee
_________________
Athlete remains relaxed with no quadricep contraction, while examiner gently pushes the patella __________
Positive is if _________ _________ or contracts the ___________ to protect against _______________

50. Special Tests for the Knee
_____________ (_______________)
Subject is asked to contract quadriceps muscle while examiner applies downward pressure and inferior pressure on the patella
Positive is __________ ___________________ ___________________