1. Sports Medicine Class Mr. Steve Gross The Master of all Knowledge
The Anatomical Knee
Sports Medicine Class
Mr. Steve Gross
The Master of all Knowledge

2. Knee Diagram

3. The Knee The knee is the largest joint in the body
Bony wise the knee is structurally weak
The knee consists of moderate ligament support
The muscular support is very strong

4. Prevention on Knee injuries
Strengthen the Quadriceps and the Hamstrings
Quads should be at least 70% of Hamstring strength
Dominant leg should not be more than 10% stronger than the other leg
Full Range of Motion of the knee joint
Proper fitting shoes (affect body posture)

5. Femur Longest and strongest bone of the body
Sits on top of a smaller tibia
Joint slides even in uneventful situations
Minimal rotation of femur on the tibia
Distal femur is convex
Proximal tibia is concave

6. Tibia
Weight bearing bone of the lower leg

7. Fibula Non-weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Serves as an anchor for muscle attachment
Articulates only with the tibia

8. Patella Enclosed by patellar tendon
Moves up and own in front of the knee joint
Protection for the knee joint

9. Ligaments Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

10. Medial Collateral Ligament
Secures femur to tibia
Also connects to the cartilage
Broad and flat ligament
Prevents against a valgus force

11. Lateral Collateral Ligament
Cord-like Ligament
Does not attach to Meniscus
Prevent against a varus force

12. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Attaches to the anterior portion of the tibia
Attaches to the posterior portion of the femur
Prevents internal & external rotation & posterior slide of femur

13. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Attaches to the posterior portion of the tibia and the anterior portion of the femur
Prevents forward slide internal rotation and hyperextension of the knee

14. Cruciate Ligaments
Cruciate ligaments make an X in the center of the joint preventing anterior and posterior movement of the femur on the tibia

15. Muscles of the Knee
The knee joint has excellent muscular support from the quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors and abductors

16. Quadriceps Extend lower leg Insert on tibial tuberosity Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius

17. Hamstring Muscles Flex the lower leg Controls rotation
Origin is the pelvis and femur
Insert tibia and fibula
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimebranosus
Gluteus Max, Semitendonosus,Biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, semimembrainosus

18. Adductors
Gracilis
Knee flexion and internal rotation
Sartorius

19. Abductors
Illiotibial Band (IT Band)

20. Gastrocnemius & Soleus
Plantar flexion

21. Cartilage Two Meniscus Sit on top of tibia in the concave indentation
Fibrous cartilage medial and lateral
Medial is a C shaped cartilage
Lateral is an O shaped cartilage
Sit on top of tibia in the concave indentation
Provide shock absorption
Reduce friction

22. Meniscal Tears

23. Bursa Fluid filled sacs Cushion against friction
With increased friction bursa fluid is emitted to reduce the friction

24. Synovial Membrane Closed sac lining the inside of the knee joint
Lubricates tendons, ligaments, and bones

25. Mechanism of knee injuries
Contusions
Sprain
Strain
Fractures
overuse

26. Contusions
Direct blow
Fall
Contusions common in BB,VB,WR,& FB

27. Ligament Sprains Blow from any direction
Compounded when the foot is planted
Most common is the MCL

28. Torsion Injuries Foot planted and the body twists
Torsion injuries damage Ligaments and Meniscus
Most common is the ACL

29. Chondramalacia
The centering of the patella in the trochlear groove is related to the strength of the vastus medialis obliqus (a part of the vastus medialis muscle) and the medial patello-femoral ligaments which pulls the patella towards the opposite knee while the vastus lateralis and lateral patello-femoral ligaments pull the knee cap towards the outside (lateral) aspect of the knee. When all of these forces are in proper alignment, the patella is centered in the trochlear groove of the femur.